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1. Classical Logic (Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy) So in a sense, firstorder languages cannot express the notion of denumerably infinite , at least not in the model theory. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-classical/

Cite this entry Search the SEP Advanced Search Tools ... Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Classical Logic First published Sat 16 Sep, 2000 Typically, a logic consists of a formal or informal language together with a deductive system and/or a model-theoretic semantics. The language is, or corresponds to, a part of a natural language like English or Greek. The deductive system is to capture, codify, or simply record which inferences are correct for the given language, and the semantics is to capture, codify, or record the meanings, or truth-conditions, or possible truth conditions, for at least part of the language. The following sections provide the basics of a typical logic, sometimes called "classical elementary logic" or "classical first-order logic". Section 2 develops a formal language, with a rigorous syntax and grammar. The formal language is a recursively defined collection of strings on a fixed alphabet. As such, it has no meaning, or perhaps better, the meaning of the formulas is given by the deductive system and the semantics. Some of the symbols have counterparts in ordinary language. We define an argument to be a non-empty collection of formulas in the formal language, one of which is designated to be the conclusion. The other formulas (if any) in an argument are its premises. Section 3 sets up a deductive system for the language, in the spirit of natural deduction. An argument is

2. JSTOR Model Theory For Modal Logic. Kripke Models For Modal extend techniques and results from the model theory of standard first order each k e K being assigned a Classical first-order model-structure 5tk. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-4812(198106)46:2<415:MTFMLK>2.0.CO;2-6

3. Mhb03.htm 03C64, model theory of ordered structures; ominimality. 03C65, models of other mathematical theories. 03C68, Other Classical first-order model theory http://www.mi.imati.cnr.it/~alberto/mhb03.htm

03-XX Mathematical logic and foundations General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation or programming) Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. General logic Classical propositional logic Classical first-order logic Higher-order logic and type theory Subsystems of classical logic (including intuitionistic logic) Abstract deductive systems Decidability of theories and sets of sentences [See also Foundations of classical theories (including reverse mathematics) [See also Mechanization of proofs and logical operations [See also Combinatory logic and lambda-calculus [See also Logic of knowledge and belief Temporal logic ; for temporal logic, see ; for provability logic, see also Probability and inductive logic [See also Many-valued logic Fuzzy logic; logic of vagueness [See also Logics admitting inconsistency (paraconsistent logics, discussive logics, etc.)

4. Some Results In Dynamic Model Theory firstorder structures over a fixed signature give rise to a family of the role played by Lindenbaum algebras in Classical first-order model theory. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1007974

5. 03Cxx 03C52 Properties of classes of models; 03C55 Settheoretic model theory of other mathematical theories; 03C68 Other Classical first-order model theory http://www.ams.org/msc/03Cxx.html

Home MathSciNet Journals Books ... Contact Us 201 Charles Street Providence, RI 02904 USA Phone: 401-455-4000 or 800-321-4AMS Or email us at ams@ams.org Open Positions Model theory 03C05 Equational classes, universal algebra [See also 03C07 Basic properties of first-order languages and structures 03C10 Quantifier elimination, model completeness and related topics 03C13 Finite structures [See also 03C15 Denumerable structures 03C20 Ultraproducts and related constructions 03C25 Model-theoretic forcing 03C30 Other model constructions 03C35 Categoricity and completeness of theories 03C40 Interpolation, preservation, definability 03C45 Classification theory, stability and related concepts 03C50 Models with special properties (saturated, rigid, etc.) 03C52 Properties of classes of models 03C55 Set-theoretic model theory 03C57 Effective and recursion-theoretic model theory [See also 03C60 Model-theoretic algebra [See also 03C62 Models of arithmetic and set theory [See also 03C64 Model theory of ordered structures; o-minimality 03C65 Models of other mathematical theories 03C68 Other classical first-order model theory 03C70 Logic on admissible sets 03C75 Other infinitary logic 03C80 Logic with extra quantifiers and operators [See also 03C85 Second- and higher-order model theory 03C90 Nonclassical models (Boolean-valued, sheaf, etc.)

6. Logicomp Finite Model Theory Preliminaries (2) Anthony Widjaja But how do we prove firstorder inexpressibility results? In Classical model theory, we have tools like compactness and Lowenheim-Skolem theorems for http://logicomp.blogspot.com/2005/05/finite-model-theory-preliminaries-2.html

@import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=12932458"); var BL_backlinkURL = "http://www.blogger.com/dyn-js/backlink_count.js";var BL_blogId = "12932458"; Logicomp Logic and Complexity Saturday, May 28, 2005 Finite Model Theory: Preliminaries (2) We now focus on a very important concept in finite model theory: `k`-ary queries. In fact, one goal of finite model theory is to establish a useful, if possible complete , criterion for determining expressibility (ie, definability) of a query in a logic (such as, first-order logic) on finite structures. For example, we may ask if the query connectivity for finite graphs, which asks whether a finite graph is connected, is expressible in first-order logic. The answer is 'no', though we won't prove this now. [Curious readers are referred to Libkin's Elements of Finite Model Theory or Fagin's excellent survey paper We shall start by recalling the notion of homomorphisms and isomorphisms between structures. Given two `sigma`-structures `fr A` and `fr B`, a homomorphism tuple-preserving functions (here, think of a tuple as an `r`-ary vector prepended by an `r`-ary relation symbol, eg, `R(1,2,3)`). Now

7. Re: [ontolog-forum] Logic/Model Theory References entry * Classical Logic (http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/logicClassical) Frankly, the fundamentals of first-order logic and model theory http://ontolog.cim3.net/forum/ontolog-forum/2007-02/msg00080.html

ontolog-forum Top All Lists Date Advanced ... Thread Re: [ontolog-forum] Logic/Model theory references from [ matthew.west Permanent Link Original To From Date Thu, 8 Feb 2007 11:45:11 -0000 Message-id Dear Colleagues, We mentioned making a contribution to Wikipedia. I don't know what is there at the moment about models and model theory. But we could at least check what is there, and hope to improve it if that is needed. Regards Matthew Christopher Menzel Sent: 08 February 2007 05:38 To: [ontolog-forum] Subject: [ontolog-forum] Logic/Model theory references >> "model" in "model theory". A better word (and >> technically more correct) is "interpretation". it in the Ontology Summit. A succinct characterization like that on the Wiki page is a terrific idea (though I think there are details that Pat would want to clean up and embellish here and there, fussy fellow that he is). Let me suggest, however, that any such page also have links to three more detailed articles in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy on model theory by Wilfrid Hodges: * Model Theory ( http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/model-theory

8. Many-Dimensional Modal Logics Theory And Applications - Elsevier 1.3 Classical firstorder logic and the standard translation 1.4 Multimodal logics 4.1 Preserving Kripke completeness and the finite model property http://www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/680839

Home Site map Elsevier websites Alerts ... Many-Dimensional Modal Logics: Theory and Applications Book information Product description Audience Author information and services Ordering information Bibliographic and ordering information Conditions of sale Book-related information Submit your book proposal Other books in same subject area About Elsevier Select your view MANY-DIMENSIONAL MODAL LOGICS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS To order this title, and for more information, click here By D.M. Gabbay , King's College, London, UK A. Kurucz , King's College, London, UK F. Wolter , University of Liverpool, UK M. Zakharyaschev , King's College, London, UK Included in series Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, 148 Description Modal logics, originally conceived in philosophy, have recently found many applications in computer science, artificial intelligence, the foundations of mathematics, linguistics and other disciplines. Celebrated for their good computational behaviour, modal logics are used as effective formalisms for talking about time, space, knowledge, beliefs, actions, obligations, provability, etc. However, the nice computational properties can drastically change if we combine some of these formalisms into a many-dimensional system, say, to reason about knowledge bases developing in time or moving objects. To study the computational behaviour of many-dimensional modal logics is the main aim of this book. On the one hand, it is concerned with providing a solid mathematical foundation for this discipline, while on the other hand, it shows that many seemingly different applied many-dimensional systems (e.g., multi-agent systems, description logics with epistemic, temporal and dynamic operators, spatio-temporal logics, etc.) fit in perfectly with this theoretical framework, and so their computational behaviour can be analyzed using the developed machinery.

9. HeiDOK 03C65 models of other mathematical theories ( 0 Dok. ) 03C68 Other Classical firstorder model theory ( 0 Dok. ) 03C70 Logic on admissible sets ( 0 Dok. http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/msc_ebene3.php?zahl=03C&anzahl

10. Workshop On Modal Logic, Model Theory And (co)algebra Finally, I highlight difficulties in lifting first-order model theory to . Team logic a very simple non-Classical logic where sentences describe tasks http://staff.science.uva.nl/~bcate/ml-workshop/

Amsterdam Workshop on Modal Logic, Model Theory and (Co)Algebras Friday February 25, 2005 On the occasion of the PhD defense of Balder ten Cate (on the 24th at noon in the Aula of the University of Amsterdam), a workshop will take place on February 25, 2005, on modal logic, model theory and (co)algebras. The provisional program is as follows ( abstracts below ). This program might still be changed. Yde Venema Automata and fixed point logics: a coalgebraic perspective Mai Gehrke Resource sensitive frames Michael Moortgat Grammatical invariants: enriching the Lambek vocabulary Maarten Marx XPath, the best known modal logic ever. And .... made in Amsterdam! Valentin Goranko Towards algorithmic correspondence and completeness in modal logic Lunch break Ian Hodkinson A canonical variety with no canonical axiomatization Jouko Vaananen Team logic Johan van Benthem Modal Logic and Fixed-Point Languages The lectures before the lunch break will take place in room and the lectures afer the lunch break will take place in room . Both rooms are in building I ("the diamond factory"), Nieuwe Achtergracht 170, in Amsterdam.

11. PlanetMath: First-order Theory Classical firstorder logic). 03C07 (Mathematical logic and foundations model theory Basic properties of first-order languages and structures) http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/FinitelyAxiomatizableTheory.html

(more info) Math for the people, by the people. Encyclopedia Requests Forums Docs ... RSS Login create new user name: pass: forget your password? Main Menu sections Encyclop¦dia Papers Books Expositions meta Requests Orphanage Unclass'd Unproven ... Classification talkback Polls Forums Feedback Bug Reports downloads Snapshots PM Book information News Docs Wiki ChangeLog ... About first-order theory (Definition) In what follows, references to sentences and sets of sentences are all relative to some fixed first-order language Definition. A theory is a deductively closed set of sentences in ; that is, a set such that for each sentence only if Remark . Some authors do not require that a theory be deductively closed. Therefore, a theory is simply a set of sentences. This is not a cause for alarm, since every theory . Furthermore, is unique (it is the smallest deductively closed theory including ), and any structure is a model of iff it is a model of Definition. A theory is consistent if and only if for some sentence . Otherwise, is inconsistent . A sentence is consistent with if and only if the theory is consistent.

12. WoLLIC'97 It is devoted to the central open question in finite model theory Does nonClassical) first-order theory, in the sense that it contains a model of this http://www.di.ufpe.br/~wollic/wollic97/abstracts.html

4th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (WoLLIC'97) August 20-22, 1997 (Tutorial Day: August 19th) Ponta Mar Hotel Fortaleza Ceará Brazil Sponsored by IGPL FoLLI ASL SBC Funded by CAPES CNPq FINEP FUNCAP Organised by UFC UFPE next page previous page ... main page Abstracts of Invited Talks Devlin Edalat van Glabbeek Gurevich ... Veloso Using Logic to Understand What Went Wrong by Keith Devlin , St. Mary's College The initial versions of newly designed information systems (indeed, new systems of most kinds) rarely work the way the different groups involved thought they were supposed to. Improving the design requires an analysis of what went wrong the first (or second, or third, etc.) time around. The deepest problems usually involve contexts of use and human factors. The traditional approach to human factors issues is to carry out an analysis with the methodologies of social science. This can lead to a deep understanding of the rich complexities that arise in the context of use of the system. But how do the results of such an analysis find their way into the formal specifications required to change the design of the system? Together with Duska Rosenberg, I have been developing and testing an analytic methodology called "LFZ analysis" (layered formalism and zooming), which can capture some of the complexity of a social science description and at the same time allow the precision required for system design. The method is grounded in situation theory, and uses the process (but not the product) of logical formalization as a means to achieve increased understanding of the domain in question.

13. FLoC 2006 - IJCAR We present DFOL, an extension of Classical firstorder logic with dependent logic is given that stays close to the established first-order model theory. http://www.easychair.org/FLoC-06/IJCAR-day230.html

IJCAR 2006 3rd International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning Seattle, August 17 - 20, 2006 FLoC Home About FLoC MEETINGS CAV ICLP IJCAR LICS ... Workshops (by conf.) PROGRAM Room Assignments FLoC at a glance Social Events Invited Talks ... Workshop Proceedings FACILITIES Conference Hotel Event Space Internet Access SEATTLE Travel to/in Seattle Dining Guide Sightseeing in Seattle ORGANIZATION Steering Committee Program Committee Organizing Committee Sponsors MISCELLANEOUS Related Events Site Design OUT-OF-DATE Registration Visa Information Student Travel Support IJCAR on Saturday, August 19th Chair: Franz Baader Location: Grand Ballroom B Chair: Bernhard Beckert Location: Grand Ballroom B Juergen Giesl (RWTH Aachen) Peter Schneider-Kamp (RWTH Aachen) Rene Thiemann (RWTH Aachen) AProVE 1.2: Automatic Termination Proofs in the Dependency Pair Framework AProVE 1.2 is one of the most powerful systems for automated termination proofs of term rewrite systems (TRSs). It is the first tool which automates the new dependency pair framework and therefore permits a completely flexible combination of different termination proof techniques. Due to this framework, AProVE 1.2 is also the first termination prover which can be fully configured by the user. Boontawee Suntisrivaraporn (Dresden University of Technology) Franz Baader (TU Dresden) Carsten Lutz (Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, TU Dresden)

14. Alfred Tarski (American Mathematician And Logician) -- Britannica Online Encycl metalogic, model theory, notation theory, philosophy of language, semantics, Tarski had shown how truth can be defined for Classical firstorder http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-583725/Alfred-Tarski

Already a member? LOGIN Encyclopædia Britannica - the Online Encyclopedia Home Blog Advocacy Board ... Free Trial Britannica Online Content Related to this Topic Shopping Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. 2008 Britannica Ultimate DVD/CD-ROM The world's premier software reference source. Great Books of the Western World The greatest written works in one magnificent collection. Visit Britannica Store Alfred Tarski (American mathematician and logician) A selection of articles discussing this topic. Main article: Alfred Tarski Polish-born American mathematician and logician who made important studies of general algebra, measure theory, mathematical logic, set theory, and metamathematics. definition of truth The most influential discussion of the notion of truth was offered by the Polish-born mathematician and logician Alfred Tarski in the 1930s. His semantic definition of truth is contained in the following formula (which he called [T]): influence of Lesniewski liar paradox ...work on the notion of truth and the liar paradox (which involves sentences that say of themselves that they are not true). According to the then-dominant approach, developed by the Polish logician Alfred Tarski, the liar paradox requires giving up the view that a natural language such as English contains a single truth predicate. Instead, there is a hierarchy of predicates... use of metalanguage ...is used to talk about objects in the world). Thus, a metalanguage may be thought of as a language about another language. Such philosophers as the German-born Logical Positivist Rudolf Carnap and Alfred Tarski, Polish-born mathematician, argued that philosophical problems and philosophical statements can be resolved only when seen in terms of a syntactical framework. The logic of semantics is...

15. Foundations Of Mathematics Classical and intuitionistic propositional logic, models, Gentzen proof systems for . firstorder model theory - Article from Stanford Encyclopedia of http://sakharov.net/foundation_rt.html

Home Alexander Sakharov Irina Tim Projects Resources Sport Photos Median Logic Math Foundations Badminton Clubs Trip Photos ... Downloads Foundations of Mathematics - Textbook / Reference - with contributions by Bhupinder Anand Harvey Friedman Haim Gaifman Vladik Kreinovich ... Stephen Simpson featured in the Computers/Mathematics section of Science Magazine NetWatch This is an online resource center for materials that relate to foundations of mathematics (FOM). It is intended to be a textbook for studying the subject and a comprehensive reference. As a result of this encyclopedic focus, materials devoted to advanced research topics are not included. The author has made his best effort to select quality materials on www. This reference center is organized as a book as opposed to an encyclopedia dictionary directory , or link collection . This page represents book's contents page. One can use this page to study the foundations of mathematics by reading topics following the links in their order or jumping over certain chapters. Where appropriate, topics covered in the referred web resource are listed under the link. In particular, it is done if the resource covers more than the respective section heading and title suggest. Presumably, this is the only anchor page one needs to navigate all math foundations topics. I believe you can even save some $$ because the materials listed here should be sufficient, and you do not have to buy a book or two. The links below are marked in order to indicate the type of material:

16. Philosophy - Courses Of Study Topics may include model theory; proof theory; proofs of various metatheorems concerning Classical firstorder logic; and/or development of other systems of http://www2.iwu.edu/philosophy/courses/

Contact IWU Site Index Contact Admissions Academics ... Philosophy Home Philosophy Courses Below you can find a full listing and description of the classes offered by the philosophy department. 100-Level Courses 102 Elementary Symbolic Logic (FR) Introduction to systems of formal logic and to the use of such systems to model and evaluate inferences made in practical reasoning and natural language. Propositional logic, first-order quantifier logic, and the metatheoretic properties of soundness, completeness, and decidability will be covered. Offered annually. 103 Mind and World (IT) Is everything composed of matter? What are minds? Does all knowledge come from experience? Studying, discussing, and writing about these metaphysical and epistemological questionsas posed, for example, by Plato, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, and Russellwill introduce you to major themes of Western Philosophy. Offered annually. 105 Rights and Wrongs (AV) Critical examination of central moral concepts and issues: What is liberty and why is it valuable? What is responsibility and when do we hold moral agents responsible? Issues such as whether factory farming, capital punishment, or pornography are morally justifiable may be addressed. Readings will include selections from moral theories or from other morally relevant sources: for example, Matthew's Gospel, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Communist Manifesto, or novels. Offered annually.

17. Springer Online Reference Works To present the model theory of first order languages categorically, For Classical firstorder logic such a result is due to K. Gödel and A.I. Mal tsev, http://eom.springer.de/c/c120060.htm

Encyclopaedia of Mathematics C Article refers to Categorical logic A branch of mathematics dealing with the interaction between logic (cf. also Mathematical logic ) and category theory. Each of these disciplines has profoundly influenced the other. In fact, it may be claimed that, at a very basic level, logic and category theory are the same. At one time it was customary to divide logic into three parts: proof theory recursion theory and model theory . To all these, category theory can make some fundamental contributions. Logic has also been used for presenting the foundations of mathematics, and here too category theory has something to say. Categorical proof theory. One way of looking at proofs is to see them as deductions. A deduction is a method of inferring from (cf. also Derivation, logical Natural logical deduction ). Evidently, deducibility is reflexive and transitive, and this translates into the identity deduction and into composition of deductions Originally, logicians were not interested in asking when two deductions are equal; the first to do so was D. Prawitz

18. Classical Test Theory As A First-order Item Response Theory: Application To True Classical Test theory as a firstorder Item Response theory Application to true-score test linking, nonparallel tests, simulation, Rasch model, http://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/psycho/v68y2003i1p123-149.html

This file is part of IDEAS , which uses RePEc data Papers Articles Software Books ... Help! Classical Test Theory as a first-order Item Response Theory: Application to true-score prediction from a possibly nonparallel test Author info Abstract Publisher info Download info ... Statistics Author Info Paul Holland liame2('org','ets','m7i7','pholland') Machteld Hoskens Abstract No abstract is available for this item. Download Info To download: If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. Information about this may be contained in the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help file . Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large. File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/BF02296657 File Format: text/html File Function: Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version under "related research" (further below) or search for a different version of it: Publisher Info Article provided by Springer in its journal Psychometrika Volume (Year): Issue (Month): 1 (March) Pages: Download reference.

19. DIMACS Workshop Special Year On Logic And Algorithms- One Year Later:Abstracts By a Classical result of Mortimer s, twovariable first-order logic has This is analogous to the focus of first order model theory until the early 60 s. http://dimacs.rutgers.edu/Workshops/SYLA-Yearlater/abstracts.html

Workshop: Special Year on Logic and Algorithms - One Year Later July 23-25, 1997 DIMACS Center, CoRE Building, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ Organizers: Eric Allender , Rutgers University, allender@cs.rutgers.edu Robert Kurshan , Bell Labs, k@research.bell-labs.com Moshe Vardi , Rice University, vardi@cs.rice.edu Abstracts Anuj Puri A Minimized Automaton Representation of Reachable States This is joint work with Gerard Holzmann. E. Bounimova Compiler Design using a Formal Specification The talk presents a compiler development methodology based on a formal specification of a compiler. The formal specification defines a mapping from a source language of the compiler into its target language through some special predicate calculus with an interpretation domain consisting of a structured pair of source and target extended derivation trees. In the methodology suggested the compiler implementation can be split into the following phases: designing the mapping, specifying it formally, testing the mapping and coding the algorithms which implement the mapping. The methodology evolved out of a number of realistic applications including the compiler from the subset of SDL 92 into Cospan. V. Levin

20. Godel's Theorem And Model Theory - Sci.logic | Google Groups Message from discussion Godel s Theorem and model theory context (r.e.Classical firstorder theories) that derivability is about. http://groups.google.ws/group/sci.logic/msg/30696a90ed850893

Help Sign in sci.logic Discussions ... Subscribe to this group This is a Usenet group - learn more Message from discussion The group you are posting to is a Usenet group . Messages posted to this group will make your email address visible to anyone on the Internet. Your reply message has not been sent. Your post was successful george View profile More options Jul 26, 8:43 am Newsgroups: sci.logic From: Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2007 12:43:58 -0700 Local: Thurs, Jul 26 2007 8:43 am Subject: Reply to author Forward Print View thread ... Find messages by this author @yahoo.com (Daryl McCullough) > > claim "...this leads to a contradiction". No, Not in PA you haven't. The reason why G is not derivable is that it is NOT EVEN TRUE, in SOME models of PA. NOthing "says anything about" itself, inherently. Godel numbers are (almost) arbitrary. Godel sentences (and consistency sentences) are true under some interpretations and false under others. The one you want to privilege (the natural numbers) is NOT even DEFINABLE AT ALL at in the context (r.e.classical first-order theories) that "derivability"

21. Cornell Math - 2007-2008 Course Catalog The syntax and modeltheory of Classical propositional logic and Classical .. on the soundness and completeness of standard Classical first-order logic. http://www.math.cornell.edu/Courses/Catalog/2007-2008ugrad.html

Undergraduate Courses Support and Precalculus Courses: 005, 006, 011, 012, 100, 109 General and Liberal Arts Courses: 103, 134, 135, 160, 171, 304, 401, 408 Non-calculus Introductory Courses: 105, 171, 221, 231 Calculus Courses (Non-engineering): 106, 111, 112, 122, 213, 222, 223, 224 The Engineering Sequence: 191, 192, 293, 294 Mathematics Education: 408, 451 History of Mathematics: 403 Analysis and Differential Equations: 311, 321, 323, 362, 413, 414, 418, 420, 422, 424, 425, 426, 428 Algebra and Number Theory: 332, 336, 431, 432, 433, 434, 437 Combinatorics: 441, 442, 455 Geometry and Topology: 356, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454 Probability and Statistics: 171, 275, 471, 472 Mathematical Logic: 281, 384, 481, 482, 486 Courses with Overlapping Content: Students will receive credit for only one of the courses in each group. MATH 106, 111 MATH 112, 122, 191 MATH 192, 213, 222, 224 MATH 221, 223, 231, 294 MATH 332, 335, 336* MATH 431 and 433 MATH 432 and 434 MATH 471, ECON 319, BTRY 408

22. Wilfrid Hodges: Bibliography model theory , firstorder model theory and Tarski s Truth Definition , Classical Logic I first-order Logic , in Guide to Philosophical Logic, ed. http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/~wilfrid/biblio/biblio.html

Bibliography of Wilfrid Hodges In preparation or submitted with Edmund Harriss: 'Logic for mathematical writing', for proceedings of Second International Congress on Tools for Teaching Logic, Salamanca 2006, ed. Maria Manzano and Hans van Ditmarsch. 'Tarski on Padoa's Method: a test case for understanding logicians of other traditions', for Proceedings of Conference on Logic, Navya-Nyaya and Applications, in memory of Bimal Matilal, Kolkata 2007, ed. Mihir K. Chakraborty et al., College Publications, London. 'Necessity in mathematics', for Proceedings of Seminar on Necessity and Contingency, Jadavpur University 2007, ed. Prabal Kumar Sen and Dilipkumar Mohanta. 'Requirements on a theory of sentence and word meanings', for Prospects for Meaning , ed. Richard Schantz, de Gruyter, New York. 'Functional modelling and mathematical models', for Handbook of the Philosophy of Science , ed. Sjoerd Zwart et al., Elsevier. 'Ibn Sina's "Al-Ibara" on multiple quantification: How East and West saw the issues', for proceedings of Cambridge meeting on Peri Hermeneias 2005, ed. John Marenbon and Tony Street. 'Definitions in Ibn Sina's Jadal ', for proceedings of Cambridge meeting on Aristotle's Topics 2006, ed. John Marenbon and Margaret Cameron.

23. Research Laboratory For Logic And Computation, GC CUNY Title Classical Systems of firstorder Modal Logic . On the model theory of knowledge, Technical Report STAN-CS-79-725, Stanford University, 1979. http://www.cs.gc.cuny.edu/~rllc/seminar_spring2005.html

Research Laboratory for Logic and Computation HOME PEOPLE PUBLICATIONS DOWNLOADS ... Seminars SPRING 2005 CSc 85200. Seminar in Computational Logic Code: 66368 Tuesday, 2pm - 4pm, room 3306 (Graduate Center) April 12 meeting Speaker: Melvin Fitting Topic: A Quantified Logic of Evidence This is yet another paper in the cluster centered on LP. There are two new features introduced in this paper that, I think, will be of interest and use April 12 meeting Speaker: Melvin Fitting Topic: A Quantified Logic of Evidence This is yet another paper in the cluster centered on LP. There are two new features introduced in this paper that, I think, will be of interest and use. The first new item is the introduction of quantification into LP, where quantifiers range over proofs. The resulting logic is called QLP, and it has the following satisfying features. 1. It is a conservative extension of LP. 2. S4 embeds into it, translating the necessity operator as an existential quantifier. One of the axioms for QLP iscalled a uniform Barcan formula. It has relationships with the usual Barcan formula, but the later can be seen as akin to an omega-rule of proof in arithmetic, while the uniform version is more closely related to the way we actually establish universally quantified sentences. I don't think I fully understand the uniform Barcan formula more work is needed here. April 5 meeting Speaker: Bryan Renne Bryan Renne will speak on updates in the logic of knowledge.

24. Model Theory - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia This article focuses on finitary first order model theory of infinite structures. An important step in the evolution of Classical model theory occurred http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_theory

var wgNotice = ""; var wgNoticeLocal = ""; var wgNoticeLang = "en"; var wgNoticeProject = "wikipedia"; Model theory From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search This article discusses model theory as a mathematical discipline and not the term mathematical model which is used informally in other parts of mathematics and science. In mathematics model theory is the study of (classes of) mathematical structures such as groups fields graphs or even models of set theory using tools from mathematical logic . Model theory has close ties to algebra and universal algebra This article focuses on finitary first order model theory of infinite structures. The model theoretic study of finite structures (for which see finite model theory ) diverges significantly from the study of infinite structures both in terms of the problems studied and the techniques used. Model theory in higher-order logics or infinitary logics is hampered by the fact that completeness does not in general hold for these logics. However, a great deal of study has also been done in such languages. Contents The role of model theory The areas of model theory Universal algebra Finite model theory ... Axiomatizability, elimination of quantifiers, and model-completeness

25. Classical First-Order Logic, Axiomatic Set Theory, And Undecidable Propositions Archive Classical firstorder Logic, Axiomatic Set theory, and Undecidable Finally, by the Compactness Theorem, if a theory has models of unboundedly http://physicsforums.com/archive/index.php/t-152184.html

Physics Help and Math Help - Physics Forums Mathematics Set Theory, Logic, Probability, Statistics PDA View Full Version : Classical First-Order Logic, Axiomatic Set Theory, and Undecidable Propositions Gruppenpest It has been known for some time that the Axiom of Choice (if you treat it as a proposition to be proved rather than an axiom) and the Continuum Hypothesis are independent of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF). These and other statements (Suslin's Problem, Whitehead's Problem, the existence of large cardinals...) can neither be proved true or false from the ZF axioms. ZF itself is built over classical first-order logic which includes the law of the excluded middle, which requires a proposition to be either true or false. Doesn't this result in an inconsistency? verty You first, does it? Gruppenpest Cagey, aren't you? Alright. There is at first "glance" a loophole, which is a semantic one. If I recall correctly, the definition of truth and falsehood of mathematical propositions preferred by the mainstream comes down to us from Tarski which is "validity with respect to a structure". Truth as being able to prove truth and falsehood as being able to prove the negation is the intuitionistic/constructivist notion. The problem though is that undecidable/independent statements mean that models of the structure in question exist in which the statement is valid, as well as models where the statement is not valid. So, as far as I see it at the moment, it does appear to result in an inconsistency.

26. IST DM Logic And Computation Seminar We show that it is a common generalization of Classical first order logic as While Classical model theory is applied mostly to algebraic structures, http://sem.math.ist.utl.pt/clc/abstract.xml?who=Alex Usvyatsov&when=Fri 19 Oct 2

27. J.C.Beall, Greg Restall - Logical Pluralism - Reviewed By Stephen Read, Universi Logic fails in nonnormal situations, which is why there cannot be such situations; they are a figment of the Classical model theory. http://ndpr.nd.edu/review.cfm?id=6643

28. [hep-th/9807092] Spin Foam Models And The Classical Action Principle We propose a new systematic approach that allows one to derive the spin foam (state sum) model of a theory starting from the corresponding Classical action http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9807092

arXiv.org hep-th Search or Article-id Help Advanced search All papers Titles Authors Abstracts Full text Help pages Full-text links: Download: PostScript PDF Other formats Citations SLAC-SPIRES HEP (refers to , cited by , arXiv reformatted) CiteBase 1 trackback p revious ... ext High Energy Physics - Theory Title: Spin Foam Models and the Classical Action Principle Authors: Laurent Freidel Kirill Krasnov (Penn State) (Submitted on 13 Jul 1998 ( ), last revised 14 May 1999 (this version, v2)) Abstract: Comments: 65 pages, many figures (published version) Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) ; General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) Journal reference: Adv.Theor.Math.Phys. 2 (1999) 1183-1247 Report number: CGPG-98/4-5 Cite as: arXiv:hep-th/9807092v2 Submission history From: Kirill Krasnov [ view email Mon, 13 Jul 1998 21:54:01 GMT (76kb) Fri, 14 May 1999 14:24:56 GMT (75kb) Which authors of this paper are endorsers? Link back to: arXiv form interface contact

29. Mbox: Spelling Out The Manifesto However, provided the other logic has a model theory comprehensible in Classical into a proof of the reification of A in Classical first order logic. http://www-unix.mcs.anl.gov/qed/mail-archive/volume-2/0150.html

spelling out the Manifesto John Staples staples@cs.uq.oz.au Wed, 25 May 1994 15:08:01 +1000 (EST) Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next message: Robert S. Boyer: "Prolog as a metatheory" Previous message: beeson@cats.ucsc.edu: "spelling out the Manifesto" This is a comment on Mike B's `spelling out the Manifesto'. It is not an author response since I was not one of the authors. In particular I want to comment on Mike's notion of reification, which interprets various logics (or, their theories) as theories based on classical first order logic. So far, so good, but note that Mike's introduction of reification in 2. does not discuss translation of inference rules. Perhaps for this reason, I was uneasy to read `This can be done for EVERY logic'. However, provided the other logic has a model theory comprehensible in classical logic, I don't have a solid objection. At Mike's point 4 I start to have real concerns. The claim is that each proof of a result A in a logic L can be converted into a proof of the reification of A in classical first order logic.

30. Cookies Required firstorder correction to Classical nucleation theory A density functional approach. The Journal of Chemical Physics 111, 5938 (1999) http://link.aip.org/link/?JCP/111/5938/1

31. Session U22 - Statistical Physics, Critical Behavior And Phase Transitions. U22.009 Scaling theory of random field Ising model driven out of equilibrium U22.013 Regular and Anomalous Diffusion in Classical models of Small http://flux.aps.org/meetings/YR04/MAR04/baps/abs/S7420.html

Previous session Next session Session U22 - Statistical Physics, Critical Behavior and Phase Transitions. ORAL session, Thursday morning, March 25 513B, Palais des Congres Existence of solutions to the Bethe-Ansatz equations for the one dimensional Hubbard model on a finite lattice. Pedro Goldbaum (Princeton University) In this work, a proof of the existence of solutions to the Bethe-Ansatz equations for the one-dimensional Hubbard model on a finite lattice is presented. The well known solution of the model in the thermodynamic limit, by Lieb and Wu, requires the existence of this solution for finite systems. Continuity of the energy with respect to the interaction strength and other properties of the solution are also discussed. Beyond mean-field universality in the random solid state Swagatam Mukhopadhyay, Paul Goldbart (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) At the mean-field level, the random solid state exhibits certain strikingly universal features, most notably the (scaled) distribution of localization lengths, near the solidification critical point [1]. By identifying the appropriate Goldstone and non-Goldstone fluctuations [2], we construct a field-theoretic description of the random solid state. We use a renormalization-group approach and expansion around six dimensions to investigate the robustness of the mean-field universality of the distribution of localization lengths, once the effects of fluctuations are incorporated, again near the critical point. We also use this approach to address aspects of elasticity beyond the Gaussian approximation, as well as order-parameter correlations in the random solid state.

32. Book Many-dimensional Modal Logics : Theory Applications, (studies In Logic The Manydimensional modal logics theory applications, (Studies in logic the axiomatic systems 1.2 Possible world semantics 1.3 Classical first-order http://www.lavoisier.fr/notice/gb402605.html

Search on All Book CD-Rom eBook Software The french leading professional bookseller Description Author(s) : GABBAY D. M. Publication date : 09-2003 Language : ENGLISH 766p. 22.9x15.9 Hardback Status : In Print (Delivery time : 10 days) Comment This book will be a valuable reference for the modal logic researcher. It can serve as a brief but useful introduction (....) for the suitably qualified newcomer. And it contributes a careful and rewarding comprehensive account of some of the latest foundational results in the area of combining modal logics. Mark Reynolds, The University of Western Australia. Studia Logica, 2004. Description Summary Subject areas covered: Mathematics and physics Applied maths and statistics Applied maths for it New search Your basket Information New titles BiblioAlerts E-books Customer services Open an account Ordering non-listed items Order tracking Help Lavoisier.fr Back to the home page Company information Terms and conditions Partner's sites ... basket Special Offer www.Lavoisier.fr New Information géographique et climatologie (Traité IGAT, série Aménagement et gestion du territoire)

33. Completeness Theorems. Model Theory. Mathematical Logic. Part 4. Henkin s model Existence Theorem. If a first order Classical formal theory is consistent (in the sense that, by using the Classical logic, it does not prove http://www.ltn.lv/~podnieks/mlog/ml4.htm

model theory, interpretation, completeness theorem, Post, truth table, truth, Skolem, table, paradox, model, satisfiable, completeness, Skolem paradox, formula, logically valid, true, false, satisfiability Back to title page Left Adjust your browser window In this book, predicate language is used as a synonym of first order language constructive logic is used as a synonym of intuitionistic logic Right 4. Completeness Theorems (Model Theory) Interpretations Classical propositional logic - truth tables Classical predicate logic - Goedel's completeness theorem Constructive propositional logic - Kripke semantics 4.5. Constructive predicate logic - Kripke semantics Do our logical axiom systems L -L , MP, Gen (classical logic) or L -L , L -L , MP, Gen (constructive logic) correspond well to our "intended meaning" of the classical logic (or, constructive logic)? Trying to define this "meaning" precisely, we arrive at the so-called model theory . In Sections 4.1-4.3 we will develop model theory for the classical logic, and in Sections 4.4-4.5 - model theory for the constructive logic.

34. Oberwolfach He remarks that the varieties of Classical first order theories is . whose branches set theory, recursion theory, proof theory and model theory are http://www.univ-nancy2.fr/poincare/perso/heinzman/documents/paper2002e.html

Foundations in the 20th Century Some Coloured remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics in the 20th Century Gerhard Heinzmann Department of Philosophy, University of Nancy 2, , UMR 7117 du CNRS 23, Bd. Albert-Ier F-54015 Nancy Cedex Tel and Fax: 0033/383967083 E-mail: Gerhard.Heinzmann@univ-nancy2.fr in D. Gabbay,/S.Rahman/J.M. Torres/J.-P. van Bendegem (eds.), Logic, Epistemology and the Unity of Science Some Coloured remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics in the 20th Century I. TOWARDS A FOUNDATIONAL ECHEC Arithmetices principia I principii di geometria natural numbers special sets relations operations ; in the case of method, basic elements are definition proof and construction (cf. Henkin 1967, 116). In each case, the analysis my proceed either along unificational, historical or epistemological concerns. The first one emphasises more mathematical, the last one more philosophical interests and the historical concerns is of a mixed form. The line is, of course, difficult to draw on all sides, but the attempt may be reasonable in order to keep a clear idea. It is not surprising, but perhaps not worthless to mention, that the birth of symbolic logic and set theory together with the new elucidation role of the axiomatic method is accompanied by an unificational aspect which is already manifest by the choice of titles:

35. Model Theory: An Introduction model theory is a branch of mathematical logic where we study mathematical structures by considering the firstorder sentences true in those structures and http://www.math.uic.edu/~marker/mt-intro.html

Model Theory: an Introduction David Marker Springer Graduate Texts in Mathematics 217 Introduction Model theory is a branch of mathematical logic where we study mathematical structures by considering the first-order sentences true in those structures and the sets definable by first-order formulas. Traditionally there have been two principal themes in the subject: starting with a concrete mathematical structure, such as the field of real numbers, and using model-theoretic techniques to obtain new information about the structure and the sets definable in the structure; looking at theories that have some interesting property and proving general structure theorems about their models. A good example of the first theme is Tarski's work on the field of real numbers. Tarski showed that the theory of the real field is decidable. This is a sharp contrast to Godel's Incompleteness Theorem, which showed that the theory of the seemingly simpler ring of integers is undecidable. For his proof, Tarski developed the method of quantifier elimination which can be used to show that all subsets of R^n definable in the real field are geometrically well-behaved. More recently, Wilkie extended these ideas to prove that sets definable in the real exponential field are also well-behaved. For some time, these two themes seemed like opposing directions in the subject, but over the last decade or so we have come to realize that there are fascinating connections between these two lines. Classical mathematical structures, such as groups and fields, arise in surprising ways when we study general classification problems, and ideas developed in abstract settings have surprising applications to concrete mathematical structures. The most striking example of this synthesis is Hrushovski's application of very general model-theoretic methods to prove the MordellLang Conjecture for function fields.

36. Untitled Document Another kind of answer would be semantic a language is firstorder if it has a conventional Tarskian model theory in which individual names denote things http://www.ihmc.us/users/phayes/FOLessay.html

A defense of syntactic freedom; or, First-order logic is better than you think. In a recent email exhortation, @ Ian Horrocks asks us to restrict ourselves to well-understood principles and make sure that we are always working inside some subset of first-order logic (FOL). I entirely agree, but Ian and I come to different conclusions about what this means. Since my view is perhaps more radical than Ian's, and certainly less well documented, I explain it here and explain why some of the concerns that have been expressed about its internal coherence are unwarranted. What counts as first order? One kind of answer, the one most often found in elementary textbooks, is purely syntactic. It characterizes first-order languages by their conformity to a kind of syntactic layering: there are individual symbols and relation symbols, and a language is first-order if it respects this layering by keeping these categories distinct and only allowing quantification over the individuals. In contrast, higher-order languages (which are well known to be less tractable in many ways) have a syntax which blurs or even eliminates this distinction by allowing relations to hold betwen other relations and allowing quantification over relations. On this view, then, the essentially first-order nature of FOL is essentially a syntactic restriction. This has the merit of being very easy to state and trivial to check. However, it misses the essential point. Another kind of answer would be semantic: a language is first-order if it has a conventional Tarskian model theory in which individual names denote things in the universe and relation names denote relations over the universe. This is better, but it ignores the fact that one can give such a semantics to a notation which most people would consider non-first-order, such as type theory.

37. Chapter 15, Hydrocephalus New Theories And New Shunts? Marvin The classic (firstorder) model of CSF physiology is based on the By this classic theory, ventriculomegaly is caused by a backup of CSF flow, http://book2.neurosurgeon.org/?defaultarticle=&defaultnode=2557&layout=22&pagefu

38. UM Mathematics-Graduate Courses-by Area Additional topics may include nonstandard models and logical syst ems other than Classical first-order logic. Math 682 Set theory (3). http://www.math.lsa.umich.edu/graduate/byarea.shtml

Home People Undergraduate Graduate ... Links Search Mathematics Search WWW Graduate Courses by Area Algebra/Group Theory Analysis/Functional Analysis Applied Mathematics Combinatorics ... Topology Algebra/Group Theory Math 412 Introduction to Modern Algebra (3). Prerequisite: Math 215 or 285; 217, 417, or 419 recommended (may be concurrent). Only 1 credit after Math 312. Math 512 Algebraic Structures (3). Prerequisite: Math 451 or 513 or permission of instructor. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in 412. Math. 512 requires more mathematical maturity than Math. 412. Description and in-depth study of the basic algebraic structures: groups, rings, fields including: set theory, relations, quotient groups, permutation groups, Sylow's Theorem, quotient rings, field of fractions, extension fields, roots of polynomials, straight-edge and compass solutions, and other topics. Math 513 Introduction to Linear Algebra (3).

39. 5 Model Theory As The Completion Of Basis Now having found out that there is no visible basis within a firstorder theory, This nature of model theory is especially manifest if we consider the http://www.hf.uio.no/ifikk/filosofi/njpl/vol2no1/models/node5.html

Next: 6 Modal Logic Up: Language and its Models:Is Previous: 4 Entailment and Bases 5 Model Theory as the Completion of Basis Now it seems that we somehow assume that a language must (or at least should) have a basis. If it has none, then we have the impression that the basis must be only somehow ``hidden'' and we feel urged to ``fix up'' the language to make the basis visible. The main claim of the present paper is that it is plausible to see precisely this kind of urge for a fix up as that which is constitutive of model theory. But before we discuss the thesis explicitly, let us consider the existence of bases within the most traditional logical systems. There is evidently a nontrivial quasibasis within the classical propositional calculus: it is constituted by the atomic sentences. The truth value of every sentence is uniquely determined by the truth values of some atomic sentences (it is determined by its atomic subsentences; and this is the reason why the calculus is decidable). Moreover, the truth value of an atomic sentence is independent of those of any other atomic sentences, hence the quasibasis is a basis. The classical propositional calculus thus fulfills our expectations in respect of the existence of basis. The troubles begin when we pass to predicate calculus, i.e. when we introduce the apparatus of quantification. The atomic sentences of the first-order predicate calculus do not in general constitute a basis: the truth value of a sentence such as xP x ) is not totally determined by those of all the atomic sentences. If all the atomic sentences (especially all the sentences

40. Education, Master Class 1988/1999, MRI Nijmegen Contents model theory studies the variety of mathematical structures that the sequent calculi for Classical and intuitionistic first order logic as http://www.math.uu.nl/mri/education/course_9899.html

Education, Master Class, Master Class 1998/1999, Detailed Course Content Detailed Content of the Courses Course content 1st semester: Model Theory W. Veldman Lambda Calculus H. Barendregt, E. Barendsen Recursion Theory and Proof Theory H. Schellinx Logic Panorama seminar 2nd semester: Type Theory and Applications H. Barendregt, E. Barendsen Incompleteness Theorems J. van Oosten Sheaves and Logics I. Moerdijk Mathematical Logic seminar Courses Name of the course: Model Theory Lecturer: W. Veldman Prerequisites: Some familiarity with mathematical reasoning. Literature: C.C. Chang, H.J. Keisler, Model Theory, North Holland Publ. Co. 1977 W. Hodges, Model Theory, Cambridge UP, 1993 Contents: Model theory studies the variety of mathematical structures that satisfy given formal theory. It may also be described as a study of mathematical structures from the logician's point of view. Model theory at its best is a delightful blend of abstract and concrete reasoning. Among the topics to be treated in this course are Fraisse's characterisation of the notion 'elementary equivalence' (structures A,B are called elementarily equivalent if they satisfy the same first-order-sentences), the compactness theorem and its many consequences, ultraproducts, some non-standard-analysis, Tarski's decision method for the field of real numbers by quantifier elimination and Robinson's notion of model completeness. If time permits, some attention will be given to constructive and recursive model theory.

41. 03: Mathematical Logic And Foundations The first leads to model theory, the second, to Proof theory. Also fairly straightforward is elementary firstorder logic, which adds quantifiers ( for http://www.math.niu.edu/~rusin/known-math/index/03-XX.html

Search Subject Index MathMap Tour ... Help! ABOUT: Introduction History Related areas Subfields POINTERS: Texts Software Web links Selected topics here 03: Mathematical logic and foundations Introduction Mathematical Logic is the study of the processes used in mathematical deduction. The subject has origins in philosophy, and indeed it is only by nonmathematical argument that one can show the usual rules for inference and deduction (law of excluded middle; cut rule; etc.) are valid. It is also a legacy from philosophy that we can distinguish semantic reasoning ("what is true?") from syntactic reasoning ("what can be shown?"). The first leads to Model Theory, the second, to Proof Theory. Students encounter elementary (sentential) logic early in their mathematical training. This includes techniques using truth tables, symbolic logic with only "and", "or", and "not" in the language, and various equivalences among methods of proof (e.g. proof by contradiction is a proof of the contrapositive). This material includes somewhat deeper results such as the existence of disjunctive normal forms for statements. Also fairly straightforward is elementary first-order logic, which adds quantifiers ("for all" and "there exists") to the language. The corresponding normal form is prenex normal form. In second-order logic, the quantifiers are allowed to apply to relations and functions to subsets as well as elements of a set. (For example, the well-ordering axiom of the integers is a second-order statement). So how can we characterize the set of theorems for the theory? The theorems are defined in a purely procedural way, yet they should be related to those statements which are (semantically) "true", that is, statements which are valid in every model of those axioms. With a suitable (and reasonably natural) set of rules of inference, the two notions coincide for any theory in first-order logic: the Soundness Theorem assures that what is provable is true, and the Completeness Theorem assures that what is true is provable. It follows that the set of true first-order statements is effectively enumerable, and decidable: one can deduce in a finite number of steps whether or not such a statement follows from the axioms. So, for example, one could make a countable list of all statements which are true for all groups.

42. EMail Msg <9309221328.AA11444@turing.pacss.binghamton.edu> Now, take a firstorder model of the lp-theory will this be suitably isomorphic to a model of LP? Will every model of LP be suitably isomorphic to a http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/email-archives/interlingua.messages/400.html

Re: Standardizing FOL Mail folder: Interlingua Mail Next message: phayes@cs.uiuc.edu: "Re: Standardizing FOL" Previous message: phayes@cs.uiuc.edu: "Re: Standardizing FOL" In-reply-to: phayes@cs.uiuc.edu: "Re: Standardizing FOL" Reply: phayes@cs.uiuc.edu: "Re: Standardizing FOL" To: cg@cs.umn.edu, interlingua@isi.edu, sowa@turing.pacss.binghamton.edu Subject: Re: Standardizing FOL Cc: phayes@cs.uiuc.edu

43. 2007-08 UCI Catalogue: Social Sciences After introducing the standard theory and metatheory of Classical first-order logic, the course surveys the fundamental tools, methods, http://www.editor.uci.edu/07-08/ss/ss.10.htm

DEPARTMENT OF LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 721 Social Science Tower; (949) 824-1520 Jeffrey A. Barrett, Department Chair Graduate Program Courses The Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science (LPS) brings together faculty and students interested in a wide range of topics loosely grouped in the following areas: general philosophy of science; philosophy of the particular sciences; logic, foundations and philosophy of mathematics; and philosophy of mathematics in application. LPS enjoys strong cooperative relations with UCI's Department of Philosophy; in particular, the two units jointly administer a single graduate program which offers the Ph.D. in Philosophy. LPS also has strong interconnections with several science departments, including Mathematics and Physics, as well as the School of Biological Sciences, the Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, the Departments of Cognitive Sciences and Economics, and the graduate concentration in Mathematical Behavioral Sciences. Graduate Program Faculty Aldo Antonelli: Logic, philosophy of mathematics, history of analytic philosophy

44. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY PROGRAM IN PURE AND APPLIED LOGIC LOGIC DETAILS I will concentrate in what is the deepest part of pure model theory. Namely nonfirst order theories. In a typical case we will deal with abstract http://logic.cmu.edu/pal-courses-f04.txt

CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY PROGRAM IN PURE AND APPLIED LOGIC LOGIC AND LOGIC-RELATED COURSES AND SEMINARS FOR FALL 2004 21-600 Mathematical Logic I Instructor: Peter Andrews MWF 11:30am-12:20pm Baker Hall A53 12 Units Description: The study of formal logical systems which model the reasoning of mathematics, scientific disciplines, and everyday discourse. Propositional calculus and first-order logic. Syntax, axiomatic treatment, derived rules of inference, proof techniques, computer-assisted formal proofs, normal forms, consistency, independence, semantics, soundness, completeness, the Lowenheim-Skolem Theorem, compactness, equality. 21-602 Set theory I INSTRUCTOR: Ernest Schimmerling TuTh 3:00-4:20 pm OSC 201 12 units DESCRIPTION: First semester graduate level set theory. The main topics are ZFC, infinitary combinatorics, relative consistency, constructibility, and descriptive set theory. TEXTBOOK: Kenneth Kunen, "Set Theory : An Introduction to Independence Proofs" COMMENT: Students should have a background in undergraduate level set theory (e.g., 21-229) and logic, which includes a working knowledge of basic ordinal and cardinal arithmetic, G¶del's completeness theorem, and the downward L¶wenheim-Skolem theorem. An understanding of the statement (but not the proof) of G¶del's theorem on consistency proofs will also be assumed. Those without the required background should meet with the instructor as soon as possible to discuss their options, which may include doing some reading over the summer. Set Theory I is a prerequisite for Set Theory II (21-702), which will be taught by Professor Uri Abraham in Spring, 2005. 80-310/610 Logic and Computation Instructor: Jeremy Avigad TuTh 3:00-4:20 pm Hamerschlag Hall B103 12 units Description: Among the most significant developments in logic in the twentieth century is the formal analysis of the notions of provability and semantic consequence. For first-order logic, the two are related by the soundness and completeness theorems: a sentence is provable if and only if it is true in every interpretation. This course begins with a formal description of first-order logic, and proofs of the soundness and completeness theorems. Other topics may include: compactness, the Lowenheim-Skolem theorems, nonstandard models of arithmetic, definability, other logics, and automated deduction. Prerequisites: 80-210, 80-211, or equivalent background in first-order logic. 80-315/615 Modal Logic Instructor: Horacio Arlo-Costa Wed 1:30-3:50 pm Baker Hall 150 9-12 units. Description: An introduction to first-order modal logic. The course considers several modalities aside from the so-called alethic ones (necessity, possibility). Epistemic, temporal or deontic modalities are studied, as well as computationally motivated modals (like "after the computation terminates"). Several conceptual problems in formal ontology that motivated the field are reviewed, as well as more recent applications in computer science and linguistics. Kripke models are used throughout the course, but we also study recent Kripkean-style systematizations of the modals without using possible worlds. Special attention is devoted to Scott-Montague models of the socalled "classical" modalities. Prerequisites: 80-210, or 80-211, or instructor's permission. 1-703 Model theory II INSTRUCTOR: Rami Grossberg MWF 10:30 Baker Hall 231A 12 units DESCRIPTION: This is a second course in model theory. The main topic of discussion will be classification theory for non-elemntary classes. TEXTBOOK: No official text. DETAILS: I will concentrate in what is the deepest part of pure model theory. Namely non-first order theories. In a typical case we will deal with abstract elementary classes. An AEC is essentially a class K of models all of the same similarity type (or a category of sets) which is closed under direct limits and little more. The aim is to have an analysis of such general classes. Most of the material to be discussed appears in (badly written) papers only. I will start with minimal prerequisites, but will progress quickly to some of the research frontieers of the field. I will emphasize aspects of the theory that may eventually converge to a proof cases of Shelah's categoricity conjecture which is the prominent open problem in the field, it is a parallel to Morley's theorem for L ?1,?, most results will be about more general classes. The common to all these classes is that the compactness theorem fails badly. Hopefully some of the techniques will turn to be usefull also in the study of classes of finite models, but we will concentrate at uncountable models. There will be a more serious use of set theory than needed for model theory of first-order logic. PREREQUISITES: About half of a basic graduate course in set theory and parts of an elementary model theory (about 60-70% of 21-603 ) or permission of the instructor. 80-411/711 Proof Theory Instructor: Jeremy Avigad TuTh 10:30-11:50 am Baker Hall 231A 12 units Description: This course is an introduction to Hilbert-style proof theory, where the goal is to represent mathematical arguments using formal deductive systems, and study those systems in syntactic, constructive, computational, or otherwise explicit terms. In the first part of the course, we will study various types of deductive systems (axiomatic systems, natural deduction, and sequent calculi) for classical, intuitionistic, and minimal logic. We will prove Gentzen's cut-elimination theorem, and use it to prove various theorems about first-order logic, including Herbrand's theorem, the interpolation theorem, the conservativity of Skolem axioms, and the existence and disjunction properties for intuitionistic logic. In the second part of the course, we will use these tools to study formal systems of arithmetic, including primitive recursive arithmetic, Peano arithmetic, and subsystems of second-order arithmetic. In particular, we will try to understand how mathematics can be formalized in these theories, and what types of information can be extracted using metamathematical techniques. A solid understanding of the syntax and semantics of first-order logic, as obtained from courses like 80-310/610 or 21-300/600, is required. A course covering issues topics like primitive recursion and coding, like 80-311/611 or 21-700, would be helpful, but is not essential. 15-814 Type Systems for Programming Languages INSTRUCTOR: Robert Harper TuTh 1:30-2:50pm Wean Hall 5409 12 units. DESCRIPTION: This course is an introduction to the theory and practice of type systems for programming languages. Topics include typed lambda calculus, subtyping, polymorphism, data abstraction, recursive types, and objects. PREREQUISITE: Background equivalent to programming skills and programming language exposure afforded by a typical undergraduate Computer Science degree. TEXTBOOK: Benjamin Pierce "Types and Programming Languages" MIT Press 2002. COMMENT: This course satisfies the CS distribution requirement in programming languages. Enrollment is limited to CS PhD students or permission of the instructor.

45. Laws, Facts, And Contexts Leibniz s intuition that necessity corresponds to truth in all possible worlds enabled Kripke to define a rigorous model theory for several axiomatizations http://www.jfsowa.com/talks/laws.htm

Laws, Facts, and Contexts: Foundations for Multimodal Reasoning John F. Sowa Abstract. Leibniz's intuition that necessity corresponds to truth in all possible worlds enabled Kripke to define a rigorous model theory for several axiomatizations of modal logic. Unfortunately, Kripke's model structures lead to a combinatorial explosion when they are extended to all the varieties of modality and intentionality that people routinely use in ordinary language. As an alternative, any semantics based on possible worlds can be replaced by a simpler and more easily generalizable approach based on Dunn's semantics of laws and facts and a theory of contexts based on the ideas of Peirce and McCarthy. To demonstrate consistency, this paper defines a family of nested graph models , which can be specialized to a wide variety of model structures, including Kripke's models, situation semantics, temporal models, and many variations of them. An important advantage of nested graph models is the option of partitioning the reasoning tasks into separate metalevel stages, each of which can be axiomatized in classical first-order logic. At each stage, all inferences can be carried out with well-understood theorem provers for FOL or some subset of FOL. To prove that nothing more than FOL is required, Section 6 of this paper shows how any nested graph model with a finite nesting depth can be flattened to a conventional Tarski-style model. For most purposes, however, the nested models are computationally more tractable and intuitively more understandable.

46. Bandelloni, Becchi, Blasi: Non Semisimple Gauge Models : I. Classical Theory And Non semisimple gauge models I. Classical theory and the properties of . as a first order differential equation in terms of the suitable variables. http://www.numdam.org/numdam-bin/fitem?id=AIHPA_1978__28_3_225_0

47. MainFrame: Problems In The Philosophy Of Mathematics To the extent that mathematicians accept their mathematics as being founded in first order set theory the combination of model theory and Set theory http://www.rbjones.com/rbjpub/philos/maths/faq031.htm

Problems in the Philosophy of Mathematics Overview: An introduction to some of the interesting philosophical problems which concern mathematics. Meaning Mathematicians use special languages for talking about strange things, out of this world. What does it all mean Ontology What are these strange things that mathematicians talk about? Do they really exist ? How can we tell? Does it matter? Epistemology Mathematics has often been presented as a paradigm of precision and certainty, but some writers have suggested that this is an illusion. How can we know the truth of mathematical propositions? Application How can knowledge of abstract mathematics be applied in the real world? Foundations Mathematics is a highly structured logical science, but dig deep enough and you can find some sand. Making the best foundations for mathematics involves philosophy. Computing What are the implications for mathematics of the information revolution? What can mathematics contribute? Meaning: Mathematicians use special languages for talking about strange things, out of this world. What does it all mean God Given Does mathematical language have some pre-ordained definite meaning beyond the discretion of mortal mathematicians? If this were the case, then a Philosopher might by some means divine and articulate this meaning, helping to eliminate those numerous errors which occur throughout history because individual mathematicians miscontrue the true meaning of the concepts they are reasoning about.