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1. 03E: Set Theory Somewhat related to the ordering of sets is Combinatorial Set Theory. relations, and set algebra); 03E25 Axiom of choice and related propositions http://www.math.niu.edu/~rusin/known-math/index/03EXX.html

Search Subject Index MathMap Tour ... Help! ABOUT: Introduction History Related areas Subfields POINTERS: Texts Software Web links Selected topics here 03E: Set theory Introduction Naive set theory considers elementary properties of the union and intersection operators Venn diagrams, the DeMorgan laws, elementary counting techniques such as the inclusion-exclusion principle, partially ordered sets, and so on. This is perhaps as much of set theory as the typical mathematician uses. Indeed, one may "construct" the natural numbers, real numbers, and so on in this framework. However, situations such as Russell's paradox show that some care must be taken to define what, precisely, is a set. However, results in mathematical logic imply it is impossible to determine whether or not these axioms are consistent using only proofs expressed in this language. Assuming they are indeed consistent, there are also statements whose truth or falsity cannot be determined from them. These statements (or their negations!) can be taken as axioms for set theory as well. For example, Cohen's technique of forcing showed that the Axiom of Choice is independent of the other axioms of ZF. (That axiom states that for every collection of nonempty sets, there is a set containing one element from each set in the collection.) This axiom is equivalent to a number of other statements (e.g. Zorn's Lemma) whose assumption allows the proof of surprising even paradoxical results such as the Banach-Tarski sphere decomposition. Thus, some authors are careful to distinguish results which depend on this or other non-ZF axioms; most assume it (that is, they work in ZFC Set Theory).

2. PlanetMath: Axiom Of Choice AMS MSC, 03E25 (Mathematical logic and foundations Set theory Axiom of choice and related propositions). 03E30 (Mathematical logic and foundations http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/AxiomOfChoice.html

(more info) Math for the people, by the people. Encyclopedia Requests Forums Docs ... RSS Login create new user name: pass: forget your password? Main Menu sections Encyclop¦dia Papers Books Expositions meta Requests Orphanage Unclass'd Unproven ... Classification talkback Polls Forums Feedback Bug Reports downloads Snapshots PM Book information News Docs Wiki ChangeLog ... About axiom of choice (Axiom) The Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms for set theory are more or less uncontroversial. However, there is another axiom , the axiom of choice Axiom Let be a set of nonempty sets. Then there exists a function such that for all The function is sometimes called a choice function on For finite sets , a choice function can be constructed without appealing to the axiom of choice. It is only for infinite (and usually uncountable ) sets objects that are proved to exist using the axiom of choice cannot generally be described by any kind of systematic rule, for if they could it would not be necessary to their construction. Let us consider a couple of examples. Imagine that there are infinitely many pairs of shoes (each consisting of one left shoe and one right shoe). Let denote the set of all pairs of shoes. In this scenario, it can be verified that the function

3. 03Exx 03E25 Axiom of choice and related propositions See also 04A25; 03E30 Axiomatics 03E45 Constructibility, ordinal definability, and related notions http://www.ams.org/mathweb/msc1991/03Exx.html

Set theory [See also 04-XX] 03E05 Combinatorial set theory [See also 03E10 Ordinal and cardinal numbers [See also 03E15 Descriptive set theory [See also 03E20 Other classical set theory 03E25 Axiom of choice and related propositions [See also 03E30 Axiomatics of classical set theory and its fragments 03E35 Consistency and independence results 03E40 Other aspects of forcing and Boolean-valued models 03E45 Constructibility, ordinal definability, and related notions 03E47 Other notions of set-theoretic definability 03E50 Continuum hypothesis and Martin's axiom [See also 03E55 Large cardinals 03E60 Determinacy and related principles which contradict the axiom of choice 03E65 Other hypotheses and axioms 03E70 Nonclassical and second-order set theories 03E72 Fuzzy sets [See mainly 03E75 Applications 03E99 None of the above, but in this section Top level of Index Top level of this Section

4. Sachgebiete Der AMS-Klassifikation: 00-09 and structures 03C10 Quantifier elimination and related topics 03C13 Finite classical set theory 03E25 Axiom of choice and related propositions, http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/litrech/Class/ams-00-09.html

Sachgebiete der AMS-Klassifikation: 00-09 nach 90-99 Weiter nach 10-19 Suche in allen Klassifikationen 01-XX 03-XX 04-XX 05-XX 06-XX 08-XX nach 90-99 Weiter nach 10-19 Suche in allen Klassifikationen

5. MathNet-Mathematical Subject Classification 03E25, Axiom of choice and related propositions See also 04A25. 03E30, Axiomatics of classical set theory and its fragments http://basilo.kaist.ac.kr/API/?MIval=research_msc_1991_out&class=03-XX

6. Is Godel Lieing When He States This - Sci.logic | Google Groups undecidable propositions of principia mathematica and related systems in The undecidable , M, Davis, Raven Press, 1965,p.21. and in Axiom of choice http://groups.google.as/group/sci.logic/msg/194061aa98d003a7

Help Sign in sci.logic Discussions ... Subscribe to this group This is a Usenet group - learn more Message from discussion Is Godel lieing when he states this The group you are posting to is a Usenet group . Messages posted to this group will make your email address visible to anyone on the Internet. Your reply message has not been sent. Your post was successful Rupert View profile More options Oct 2, 12:51 pm Newsgroups: sci.logic From: Date: Tue, 02 Oct 2007 16:51:15 -0700 Local: Tues, Oct 2 2007 12:51 pm Subject: Re: Is Godel lieing when he states this Reply to author Forward Print View thread ... Find messages by this author On Oct 2, 7:55 pm, "elsiemelsi" <cyprin > of reducibility "As Godel says "this axiom represents the axiom of > reducibility (comprehension axiom of set theory)" (K Godel , On formally > the axiom of reducibility in his formula 40 where he states "x is a > Godel states he uses the axiom of choice "this allows us to deduce that > sentences are decidable..." (K Godel , On formally undecidable propositions http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/AxiomOfReducibility.html

7. DC MetaData For: The Ascoli Theorem Is Equivalent To The Boolean Prime Ideal The MSC 54A35 Consistency and independence results, See also {03E35} 54D30 Compactness 03E25 Axiom of choice and related propositions, See also {04A25} http://ftp.math.uni-rostock.de/pub/MetaFiles/herrlich-51.html

Horst Herrlich The Ascoli Theorem is equivalent to the Boolean Prime Ideal Theorem The paper is published: Rostocker Mathematisches Kolloquium, Rostock. Math. Kolloq. 51, 137-140(1997) MSC 54D30 Compactness 03E30 Axiomatics of classical set theory and its fragments Abstract theory without the Axiom of Choice) the following hold: Tychonoff Product Theorem is equivalent to the Axiom of Choice. of this note to settle this question. Since the Ascoli Theorem occurs in a used here needs to be specified (although the title-result is rather stable). For the purpose of this paper the following version is used: Notes Abstract contains the first few lines of text of the paper.

8. Jolly Roger Great Books Forums - 5 Reasons Why Godels Incompleteness Theorem Inv reducibility which is invalid, he uses the Axiom of choice, he propositions of principia mathematica and related systems in The http://jollyrogerwest.com/showthread.php?t=4739

9. Variations On Realizability: Realizing The Propositional Axiom Of Choice Realizability and related functional interpretations provide models for these models do not validate the Axiom of choice for propositions taken over http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=966869

10. Mhb03.htm 03E25, Axiom of choice and related propositions. 03E30, Axiomatics of classical set theory and its fragments. 03E35, Consistency and independence results http://www.mi.imati.cnr.it/~alberto/mhb03.htm

03-XX Mathematical logic and foundations General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.) Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation or programming) Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. General logic Classical propositional logic Classical first-order logic Higher-order logic and type theory Subsystems of classical logic (including intuitionistic logic) Abstract deductive systems Decidability of theories and sets of sentences [See also Foundations of classical theories (including reverse mathematics) [See also Mechanization of proofs and logical operations [See also Combinatory logic and lambda-calculus [See also Logic of knowledge and belief Temporal logic ; for temporal logic, see ; for provability logic, see also Probability and inductive logic [See also Many-valued logic Fuzzy logic; logic of vagueness [See also Logics admitting inconsistency (paraconsistent logics, discussive logics, etc.)

11. List KWIC DDC22 510 And MSC+ZDM E-N Lexical Connection Axiom of choice and related propositions 03E25 Axiomatic and generalized convexity 52A01 Axiomatic computability and recursion theory abstract and 03D75 http://www.math.unipd.it/~biblio/kwic/msc-cdd/dml2_11_05.htm

articles) # research exposition (monographs, survey articles) # research exposition (monographs, survey articles) # research exposition (monographs, survey artificial intelligence artificial intelligence # logic in artificial life and related topics # neural networks Artin approximation, etc. # local deformation theory, Artin groups # braid groups; Artin rings # division rings and semisimple Artinian rings # representations of Artinian rings and modules Artinian rings and modules, finite-dimensional algebras arts. music. language. architecture ary systems # $n$- Asia # Southeast Askey - Wilson polynomials, etc.) # basic orthogonal polynomials and functions ( Askey scheme, etc.) # orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, aspects # computational aspects # Floer homology and cohomology, symplectic aspects # nonanalytic aspects # singularities of vector fields, topological aspects (differential-algebraic, hypertranscendence, group-theoretical) # algebraic aspects (motivation, anxiety, persistence, etc.) # affective

12. 03Exx and set algebra) 03E25 Axiom of choice and related propositions 03E30 and Axioms 03E70 Nonclassical and secondorder set theories 03E72 Fuzzy set http://www.emis.de/MSC2000/03Exx.html

Set theory 03E02 Partition relations 03E04 Ordered sets and their cofinalities; pcf theory 03E05 Other combinatorial set theory 03E10 Ordinal and cardinal numbers 03E15 Descriptive set theory [See also ] 03E17 Cardinal characteristics of the continuum 03E20 Other classical set theory (including functions, relations, and set algebra) 03E25 Axiom of choice and related propositions 03E30 Axiomatics of classical set theory and its fragments 03E35 Consistency and independence results 03E40 Other aspects of forcing and Boolean-valued models 03E45 Inner models, including constructibility, ordinal definability, and core models 03E47 Other notions of set-theoretic definability 03E50 Continuum hypothesis and Martin's axiom 03E55 Large cardinals 03E60 Determinacy principles 03E65 Other hypotheses and axioms 03E70 Nonclassical and second-order set theories 03E72 Fuzzy set theory 03E75 Applications of set theory 03E99 None of the above, but in this section Version of December 15, 1998

13. HeiDOK 03E25 Axiom of choice and related propositions ( 0 Dok. ) 03E30 Axiomatics of classical set theory and its fragments ( 0 Dok. http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/msc_ebene3.php?zahl=03E&anzahl

14. VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2 (1990), Formalized Mathematics, ISSN 0777-4028 Zermelo Theorem and Axiom of choice, Formalized Mathematics 1(2), pages 265267, . Some simple propositions related to the introduced notions are proved. http://mizar.uwb.edu.pl/fm/1990-1/fm1-2.html

Formalized Mathematics (ISSN 0777-4028) Volume 1, Number 2 (1990): pdf ps dvi Agata Darmochwal. Families of Subsets, Subspaces and Mappings in Topological Spaces , Formalized Mathematics 1(2), pages 257-261, 1990. MML Identifier: TOPS_2 Summary Jan Popiolek. Some Properties of Functions Modul and Signum , Formalized Mathematics 1(2), pages 263-264, 1990. MML Identifier: ANAL_1 Summary Jan Popiolek. Some Properties of Functions Modul and Signum , Formalized Mathematics 1(2), pages 263-264, 1990. MML Identifier: ABSVALUE Summary Grzegorz Bancerek. Zermelo Theorem and Axiom of Choice , Formalized Mathematics 1(2), pages 265-267, 1990. MML Identifier: WELLORD2 Summary Jaroslaw Kotowicz. Real Sequences and Basic Operations on Them , Formalized Mathematics 1(2), pages 269-272, 1990. MML Identifier: SEQ_1 Summary : Definition of real sequence and operations on sequences (multiplication of sequences and multiplication by a real number, addition, subtraction, division and absolute value of sequence) are given. Jaroslaw Kotowicz.

15. Seminars Of The CENTRE De RECHERCHE En THEORIE Des CATEGORIES the Axiom of choice for (Kuratowski)finite sets and ``related issues . However, in settings where the propositions themselves can be circular, http://www.math.mcgill.ca/rags/seminar/seminar.listings.01

16. Harvard University Press: From Frege To Gödel : A Source Book In Mathematical L The notion definite and the independence of the Axiom of choice On formally undecidable propositions of Principia mathematica and related systems I, http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/VANFGX.html?show=contents

17. On Gödel's Philosophy Of Mathematics, Notes K. Gödel, On Formally Undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related . Gödel, The Consistency of the Axiom of choice and the Generalized http://www.friesian.com/goedel/notes.htm

Philosophy of Mathematics (Englewood cliffs, 1964), p. 262 Return to text Philosophy of Mathematics (Englewood Cliffs, 1964), pp. 215-216 Return to text Return to text Ibid ., p. 262 Return to text The Foundations of Mathematics (London, 1931), pp. 20-21 Return to text The Undecidable (Hewlett, 1965), p. 9, footnote 14 Return to text Cf. J. B. Rosser, Logic for Mathematicians (New York, 1953), pp. 197-207 Return to text Cf. S. Feferman "Systems of Predicative Analysis, Part I," Journal of Symbolic Logic , 1964, 29:1-13; S. C. Kleene, Introduction to Metamathematics (Princeton, 1952), section 12 Return to text As described in Feferman's "Systems" Return to text Ibid ., p. 4 Return to text Ibid Return to text Return to text E.g. Kleene, Introduction , Section 12; Feferman, Journal of Symbolic Logic , p. 2 Return to text Ibid ., p. 217. For a careful, precise discussion of (4), and "predicativity" as well, cf. the book of A. Church cited in footnote 39, pp. 346-356. Return to text The Modern Aspect of Mathematics , translated by J. H. Hlavaty and F. H. Hlavaty (New York, 1960), pp. 42-43: "The mathematician and physicist Boussinesq was astonished to learn in 1875 that there existed continuous functions without derivatives at any point. As Picard reports: 'He saidvery seriously, I thinkthat functions have everything to gain by having derivatives.'"

18. Schaum's Outline Of Set Theory And Related Topics (McGraw-Hill) Doi:10.1036/0070 Master set theory and related topics with Schaum’s—the highperformance study guide. Axiom of choice. Paradoxes in Set Theory. Algebra of propositions. http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0070379866

Schaum's Outline of Set Theory and Related Topics By Lipschutz, Seymour DOI: View Bibliographic Information Buy the Print Book Amazon Related Titles 569 Solutions To Your Personal Financial Problems Get Ready! For Standardized Tests: Grade 6 How to Solve Word Problems in Algebra, 2nd Edition How to Solve Word Problems in Geometry ... more... Other Books by the Author 2000 Solved Problems in Discrete Mathematics 3,000 Solved Problems in Linear Algebra Schaum's Easy Outline of Linear Algebra Schaum's Outline of Beginning Finite Mathematics ... Publisher Home Page Mouse over the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) to learn more about this book or related books published by McGraw-Hill. Schaum's Outline of Set Theory and Related Topics Author(s): Lipschutz, Seymour ISBN: 0070379866 DOI: Format: paperback, 240 pages. Pub date: 1 Jun 1967 $14.95 US Product Line: McGraw-Hill Back to top Powered by Content Directions, Inc. (CDI) and the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) View additional CDI examples Want to Add This Link to Your Site?

19. Godels Incompleteness Theorems Are A Complete Failure And Invalid - Sci.logic | and the axioms of reducibility and of choice (for all types) ((K Godel , On formally undecidable propositions of principia mathematica and related http://groups.google.mu/group/sci.logic/msg/45ca19605886576a

Help Sign in sci.logic Discussions ... Subscribe to this group This is a Usenet group - learn more Message from discussion Godels incompleteness theorems are a complete failure and invalid The group you are posting to is a Usenet group . Messages posted to this group will make your email address visible to anyone on the Internet. Your reply message has not been sent. Your post was successful zencycle View profile More options Oct 3, 12:07 am Newsgroups: sci.logic From: Date: Tue, 02 Oct 2007 20:07:30 -0000 Local: Wed, Oct 3 2007 12:07 am Subject: Re: Godels incompleteness theorems are a complete failure and invalid Reply to author Forward Print View thread ... Find messages by this author Geeze dude, you got an axe to grind over Godel....What, did he steal your girlfriend in grad school? On Oct 2, 2:11 am, "elsiemelsi" <cyprin > invalid." http://gamahucherpress.yellowgum.com/books/philosophy/GODEL5.pdf > " before we go into details lets us first sketch the main ideas of the > system PM) ..." ((K Godel , On formally undecidable propositions of principia http://www.mrob.com/pub/math/goedel.htm

20. Set Theory/Zorn's Lemma And The Axiom Of Choice - Wikibooks, Collection Of Open- That is, given Zorn s Lemma, one can derive the Axiom of choice and vice versa. certain propositions P logically equivalent to Zorn s Lemma (over ZF). http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Set_Theory/Zorn's_Lemma_and_the_Axiom_of_Choice

var wgNotice = ""; var wgNoticeLocal = ""; var wgNoticeLang = "en"; var wgNoticeProject = "wikibooks"; Set Theory/Zorn's Lemma and the Axiom of Choice From Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection Set Theory Jump to: navigation search Two dual ideas in set theory have to do with finding the "largest" possible objects in some set under a given ordering and with making a simultaneous selection of objects from many sets. These notions are phrased in terms of Zorn's Lemma, and the Axiom of Choice and though they sound very different, they are equivalent to one another. That is, given Zorn's Lemma, one can derive the Axiom of Choice and vice versa. The Axiom of Choice is named as such because it is independent from Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory axioms. Thus, the addition of Choice to ZF enables work not previously possible. Contents Zorn's Lemma Some details The Axiom of Choice Further Equivalents of the Axiom of Choice ... edit Zorn's Lemma Zorn's Lemma, as usually stated, takes the form: 1) If every chain in a partially ordered set S has an upper bound, then S has a maximal element.

21. A New Kind Of Science: The NKS Forum - 5 Reasons Why Godels Incompleteness Theor and the axioms of reducibility and of choice (for all types)” (K Godel , On formally undecidable propositions of principia mathematica and related systems http://forum.wolframscience.com/showthread.php?threadid=1482

22. Intute: Science, Engineering And Technology - Browse Set Theory The page includes links to the key people involved in the development of the theory, as well as to links to related areas such as the Axiom of choice and http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/cgi-bin/browse.pl?id=27000

23. Math History - 20th Century ... 1963, Cohen proves the independence of the Axiom of choice and of the continuum approximately 4.669201660910 , which is related to perioddoubling http://lahabra.seniorhigh.net/PAGES/teachers/pages/math/timeline/m20thCentury.ht

Math History Timeline 20th Century ... 1914-present A.D. Math History Prehistory and Ancient Times Middle Ages Renaissance Reformation ... 20th Century ... non-Math History Prehistory and Ancient Times Middle Ages Renaissance Reformation ... External Resources Einstein submits a paper giving a definitive version of the general theory of relativity. Sierpinski gives the first example of an absolutely normal number, that is a number whose digits occur with equal frequency in whichever base it is written. Hausdorff introduces the notion of "Hausdorff dimension", which is a real number lying between the topological dimension of an object and 3. It is used to study objects such as Koch's curve. Russell publishes Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy which had been largely written while he was in prison for anti-war activities. Fundamenta Mathematica is founded by Sierpinski and Mazurkiewicz. Borel publishes the first in a series of papers on game theory and becomes the first to define games of strategy. Emmy Noether publishes Idealtheorie in Ringbereichen which is of fundamental importance in the development of modern abstract algebra.

24. Axiom Of Choice - Quotes Translate this page A selection of articles related to Axiom of choice - Quotes. To see this, for any proposition let be the set and let be the set (see Set-builder http://www.experiencefestival.com/axiom_of_choice_-_quotes

Articles Archives Start page News Contact Community General Newsletter Contact information Site map Most recommended Search the site Archive Photo Archive Video Archive Articles Archive More ... Wisdom Archive Body Mind and Soul Faith and Belief God and Religion ... Yoga Positions Site map 2 Site map Hi! Below are some links that have been popular among the visitors of Global Oneness. Check them out! Jonas Axiom of choice - Quotes A Wisdom Archive on Axiom of choice - Quotes Axiom of choice - Quotes A selection of articles related to Axiom of choice - Quotes More material related to Axiom Of Choice can be found here: Main Page for Axiom Of Choice Index of Articles ... Axiom of choice - Quotes Axiom of choice, Axiom of choice - Independence of AC, Axiom of choice - Quotes, Axiom of choice - Results requiring AC or weaker forms, Axiom of choice - Results requiring choice in intuitionistic logic, though not classically, Axiom of choice - Results requiring ¬AC, Axiom of choice - Statement, Axiom of choice - Usage, Axiom of choice - Weaker forms of AC ARTICLES RELATED TO Axiom of choice - Quotes Axiom of choice - Quotes: Encyclopedia - Axiom of choice In mathematics, the axiom of choice, or AC, is an axiom of set theory. It was formulated in 1904 by Ernst Zermelo. While it was originally controversial, it is now used without embarrassment by most mathematicians. However, there are still schools of mathematical thought, primarily within set theory, that either reject the axiom of choice, or even investigate consequences of axioms inconsistent with AC. Intuitively speaking, AC says that given a collection of bins, each containing at least one object, then exactly one ob ...

25. JSTOR A Mathematical Axiom Contradicting The Axiom Of Choice. The Axiom of determinateness is the proposition ~. It is observed that although the Axiom of choice and the Axiom of determinateness are inconsistent, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-4812(197103)36:1<164:AMACTA>2.0.CO;2-P

26. The Computer Journal -- Sign In Page There is therefore a need to investigate how the constructive Axiom of choice, validated by the BrouwerHeyting-Kolmogorov interpretation, is related to http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/49/3/345

@import "/resource/css/hw.css"; @import "/resource/css/computer_journal.css"; Skip Navigation Oxford Journals Contact Us My Basket ... Volume 49, Number 3 Pp. 345-350 This item requires a subscription* to The Computer Journal Online. * Please note that articles prior to 1996 are not normally available via a current subscription. In order to view content before this time, access to the Oxford Journals digital archive is required. If you would like to purchase short-term access you must have a personal account. Please sign in below with your personal user name and password or register to obtain a user name and password for free. Full Text 100 years of Zermelo's axiom of choice: what was the problem with it? The Computer Journal. To view this item, select one of the options below: Sign In User Name Sign in without cookies. Can't get past this page? Help with Cookies. Need to Activate? Password Forgot your user name or password? Purchase Short-Term Access Pay per View - If you would like to purchase short-term access you must have a personal account. Please sign in with your personal user name and password or register to obtain a user name and password for free. You will be presented with Pay per Article options after you have successfully signed in with a personal account.

27. Kurt Gödel, Or Kurt Goedel (American Mathematician) -- Britannica Online E influence on Turing, algorithms, Axiom of choice, Axiomatization, mathematical system there are propositions (or questions) that cannot be proved or http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-236770/Kurt-Godel

Already a member? LOGIN Encyclopædia Britannica - the Online Encyclopedia Home Blog Advocacy Board ... Free Trial Britannica Online Content Related to this Topic Shopping Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. 2008 Britannica Ultimate DVD/CD-ROM The world's premier software reference source. Great Books of the Western World The greatest written works in one magnificent collection. Visit Britannica Store or Kurt Goedel (American mathematician) A selection of articles discussing this topic. influence on Turing number symbolism time curvature logic and mathematics: algorithms axiom of choice see the table) are consistent, then they do not disprove the axiom of choice. That is, the result of adding the axiom of choice to the other axioms (ZFC) remains consistent. Then in 1963 the American mathematician Paul Cohen completed the picture by showing, again under... axiomatization continuum hypothesis see the table) are consistent, then they do not disprove the continuum hypothesis or even GCH. That is, the result of adding GCH to the other axioms remains consistent. Then in 1963 the American mathematician Paul Cohen completed the... infinitesimals mathematical Platonism philosophy of language set theory logic and mathematics: foundations of mathematics in a topos may be considered as a model of , but this notion of model is too general, for example, when compared with the models of classical type theories studied by Henkin. Therefore, it is preferable to restrict

28. The Axiom Of Choice And Non-enumerable Reals Proposition The ZermeloFraenkel power set Axiom and the Axiom of choice are inconsistent if an extended language is not used to express all the reals. http://www.angelfire.com/az3/nfold/choice.html

The axiom of choice and non-enumerable reals Welcome to N-fold Quirky thoughts on math and science Notes to myself that you can read You are free to email your comments to me Reach other N-fold pages Reach more N-fold pages Plato and Cantor vs. Wittgenstein and Brouwer Thoughts on diagonal reals ... Have algorithm, will travel (sets of optimal graphs) [Posted online March 13, 2002; revised July 30, 2002, Aug. 28, 2002, Oct. 12, 2002, Oct. 24, 2002; June 2003] The following proposition is presented for purposes of discussion. I agree that, according to standard Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory, the proposition is false. Proposition: The Zermelo-Fraenkel power set axiom and the axiom of choice are inconsistent if an extended language is not used to express all the reals. Discussion: The power set axiom reads: 'Given any set X there is a set Y which has as its members all the subsets of X.' The axiom of choice reads: 'For any nonempty set X there is a set Y which has precisely one element in common with set X.'* *Definitions taken from 'Logic for Mathematicians,' A.G. Hamilton, Cambridge, revised 1988.

29. Peter Suber, "Kurt Gödel In Blue Hill" Gödel s 1938 proof provided the related result that the negation of the Axiom of choice could not be derived from the standard Axioms. http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/writing/godel.htm

This essay originally appeared in the Ellsworth American , August 27, 1992, Section I, p. 2. Peter Suber Ellsworth American serves the Blue Hill area.) For this HTML version I restore the footnotes , which I did not submit to the newspaper, and a sidebar , which the newspaper omitted perhaps for being too technical. 50 Years Later, The Questions Remain Peter Suber Philosophy Department Earlham College The first incompleteness theorem showed that some perfectly well-formed arithmetical statements could never be proved true or false. Worse, it showed that some arithmetical truths could never be proved true. More precisely, for every axiomatic system designed to capture arithmetic, there will be arithmetic truths which cannot be derived from its axioms, even if we supplement the original set of axioms with an infinity of additional axioms. This shattered the assumption that every mathematical truth could eventually be proved true, and every falsehood disproved, if only enough time and ingenuity were spent on them. The second incompleteness theorem showed that axiomatic systems of arithmetic could only be proved consistent by other systems. This made the proof conditional on the consistency of the second system, which in turn could only be validated by a third, and so on. No consistency proof for arithmetic could be final, which meant that our confidence in arithmetic could never be perfect.

30. The Axiom Of Choice Is Wrong « The Everything Seminar The argument against the Axiom of choice which really hit a chord I first .. form opinions on the ‘right’ choices for various undecidable propositions http://cornellmath.wordpress.com/2007/09/13/the-axiom-of-choice-is-wrong/

The Everything Seminar Geometry, Topology, Categories, Groups, Physics, . . . Everything Antisymmetry in Geometry, I Hat Guessing Puzzles, The Revenge The Axiom of Choice is Wrong     When discussing the validity of the Axiom of Choice , the most common argument for not taking it as gospel is the Banach-Tarski paradox The answer to this in a moment; but first, the relevant generalization. A countable infinite number of prisoners are placed on the natural numbers, facing in the positive direction (ie, everyone can see an infinite number of prisoners).  Hats will be placed and each prisoner will be asked what his hat color is.  However, to complicate things, prisoners cannot hear previous guesses or whether they were correct.  In this new situation, what is the best strategy? Intuitively, strategy is impossible since no information can be conveyed from anyone who knows your hat color to you, so it would seem that everyone guessing blindly.  However, all but a finite number of prisoners can go free!     Hmm, he could say the color of the hat on the guy in front of him.  That guy would then guess correctly, but then the next guy would be in the same situation as the first guy.  Repeating this idea gets only 50 prisoners out guarenteed, with an average of 75 getting out.

31. Fuzzy Logic These propositions are undecidable within ZFC, in some sense they are Goedel sentences . 3. If the Axiom of choice proposition is true then in ZFC there http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=127080

32. Brunner: Positive Functionals And The Axiom Of Choice Positive functionals and the Axiom of choice NorbertBrunner In this note we prove, that a proposition which is useful in integration theory, is equivalent http://www.numdam.org/numdam-bin/fitem?id=RSMUP_1984__72__9_0

33. Programming And Computation The proposition is the statement of the Law of Excluded Middle, . The Axiom of choice may also be viewed as an assertion that set s membership predicate http://okmij.org/ftp/Computation/

previous next contents top Programming and Computation Continuations and delimited control Towards the best collection traversal interface Generic zipper and zipper-based filesystem Many faces of the fixed-point combinator. Overriding self-application ... Subtyping, Subclassing, and Trouble with OOP [a separate set of documents] Number-parameterized types and decimal type arithmetics Type Arithmetics : Computation based on the theory of types a.k.a. An ultimate static type system: division by zero as a type error Pure, declarative, recursively-enumerating binary arithmetic all-mode relations , in Prolog and Kanren Doubts about the concept of information ; An elementary derivation of the Shannon entropy formula Backtracking, indeterministic and other Monads in Haskell and other languages Monadic Programming in Scheme UNIX pipes as IO monads . Monadic i/o and UNIX shell programming Expressing formal proofs in a computer language: Y Scheme The syntactic approach to type soundness, proofs in Twelf Lightweight Dependent-type Programming Inverse typechecking and theorem proving in intuitionistic and classical logics ... Random Relative Primes : The probability of randomly chosen integers being relatively prime Delimited dynamic binding , with the formalization of dynamic binding Negative numbers, subtraction and division in lambda-calculus

34. Gödel One of the most amazing Axioms in all of mathematics is The Axiom of choice. It basically says that many mathematical propositions can only be proved http://www.yhwh.com/Thoughts/godel.htm

Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem and The Name of God For DAP I cannot pretend to do an exhaustive treatment of this material here. In my mind's eye this is about a 400 page book, to do it justice. So, I can either wait until that mega-project is complete, which will be years (if ever), or I can point you in a direction, and see how it goes. These, then, are basically my notes. This writing remains incomplete, and reflects the latest in my ongoing search for the Infinite. That's a very important clue. You can do the research for any terms you might not understand, or ignore the whole thing. I'm still writing less. But if you are going to get anything at all out of this, you are going to have to think a good deal more. In 1931, the Czech-born mathematician Kurt Gödel developed one of the most important mathematical proofs of the last 100 years. It has echoed throughout many fields, from math to science to philosophy, computer design, artificial intelligence, even linguistics and psychology. There's a Psalm (look it up yourself) that says the Earth shows Yhwh's handiwork.

35. Math Forum - Math Library - Publications & Logic/Foundations & Research This assertion is easy to prove using the Axiom of choice, but becomes a much . This site presents a set theory description of the proposition and an http://mathforum.org/library/results.html?ed_topics=&levels=research&resource_ty

36. Practical Foundations Of Mathematics His 1904 proof of the wellordering principle (Proposition 6.7.13 and Exercise 6.53) attracted DEFINITION 1.8.9 The Axiom of dependent choice says that http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~pt/Practical_Foundations/html/s18.html

Practical Foundations of Mathematics Paul Taylor Classical and Intuitionistic Logic Mathematical reasoning as commonly practised makes use of two other logical principles, excluded middle and the axiom of choice, which we shall not use in our main development. Classical predicate calculus consists of the rules we have given together with excluded middle. Excluded middle ``Every proposition is either true or false.'' D EFINITION Excluded middle may be expressed as either of omitted prooftree environment omitted prooftree environment which are equivalent in the sense that a a a b b b decidable or complemented (as on the right). In saying that we shall not use excluded middle, beware that we are not affirming its negation f f f f , which is falsity. If we are able to prove neither f f then we remain silent about them Of course there are instances of case analysis even in intuitionism, in particular the properties of finite sets. A recurrent example will be parsing of terms in free algebras, for example a list either is empty or has a head (first element) and tail (Section ) and ( E ) are incorporated to give indirect rules omitted proofbox environment pt omitted proofbox environment known as reductio ad absurdum and tertium non datur (Latin: the third is not given) respectively. Some Real Mathematicians use the former habitually, starting

37. The Googol Room Group theory’s adaptation to temporal propositions will be a more subtle matter than . It also abandons the Axiom of choice (AOC) as a practical matter. http://www.googolroom.org/GrailMachineTwo.htm

Excerpt from Googol room essays: one © 2003 by Rolf Mifflin Return to Googol Room The grail machine: Two ZF+: A set theory for describing the mind by Rolf Mifflin Abstract: The complete description of the mind, as well as of the universe that allows the mind, requires a formal language beyond any in common use today ('03). Here I present a modified version of Zermelo-Fraenkel set formalism sufficient to make statements completely equivalent to our thoughts and, so, symbolically present the systems of artificial minds I argue are constructible to modern science. This modified set theory is called ZF+. Table of contents: 1: Set theory and the mind 2: Aristotelian assumptions 3: Temporal assumptions Fig. 1: Illustration of the logical Future and Past ... B: Axioms of ZF and ZFC abandoned by ZF+ Set theory and the mind Having introduced an extension to formal logic called the temporal propositions in The grail machine: One , I will here extend these propositions into the structure of modern set theory. This discussion will be useful both to the general reader and the student of logic.

38. The Ithaca Papers Can this be done when the propositions of a mere philosophical perspective . the Axiom of choice or propositional calculi with morders of logical-value. http://www.geocities.com/moonhoabinh/ithapapers/econo.html

THE ITHACA PAPERS DEREK DILLON'S UNPUBLISHED ARTICLES Econophysics: Reflections 35 Years Later The following two years, sitting in Dr. Elspeth Rostow’s seminars on American intellectual history listening to accounts of the role Newton’s physics played in organizing the spectrum of 17th and 18th century political economy, I fully recognized the unstated corollary that the advent of relativity and quantum physics had utterly sundered the assumptions underlying market capitalism, all of which are rooted in views prevalent during that period two- to three-hundred years ago. What happens when the dominant economy is running on intellectual empty? is a question first entertained by me at that time. Just barely touching my awareness, like a ghost image hovering behind the fair doctor’s words, was an implication relative to logic-lattice maps: the behavior equations of econometrics are all drawn in Cartesian x,y,z-coordinates; as long as that situation prevails, there can be no new post-Newtonian notions of the functions of exchange. I was aware that statistical mechanics was regarded as post-Newtonian. I was aware that stochastic economics was

39. Russell's Paradox (Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy) For example, assuming both P and ~P, any arbitrary proposition, Q, can be proved as follows ZF and ZFC (i.e., ZF supplemented by the Axiom of choice), http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/russell-paradox/

Cite this entry Search the SEP Advanced Search Tools ... Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Russell's Paradox First published Fri Dec 8, 1995; substantive revision Thu May 1, 2003 Russell's paradox is the most famous of the logical or set-theoretical paradoxes. The paradox arises within naive set theory by considering the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. Such a set appears to be a member of itself if and only if it is not a member of itself, hence the paradox. Some sets, such as the set of all teacups, are not members of themselves. Other sets, such as the set of all non-teacups, are members of themselves. Call the set of all sets that are not members of themselves " R ." If R is a member of itself, then by definition it must not be a member of itself. Similarly, if R is not a member of itself, then by definition it must be a member of itself. Discovered by Bertrand Russell in 1901, the paradox has prompted much work in logic, set theory and the philosophy and foundations of mathematics. History of the paradox Significance of the paradox Bibliography Other Internet Resources ... Related Entries History of the paradox Russell appears to have discovered his paradox in the late spring of 1901

40. 20th WCP: Do Sentences Have Identity? Some logicians have rejected propositions in favour of sentences, . Zermelo’s Axiom of choice (AC) is logically equivalent to Zorn’s lemma (ZL), http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Logi/LogiBeza.htm

Logic and Philosophy of Logic Do Sentences Have Identity? Jean-Yves Béziau National Laboratory for Scientific Computing - LNCC/CNPq jyb@alpha.lncc.br ABSTRACT: 1. What is equiformity? Some logicians have rejected propositions in favour of sentences, arguing in particular that there is no satisfactory identity criterion for propositions (cf. Quine, 1970). But is there one for sentences? The idea that logic is about sentences rather than propositions and that sentences are nothing more that material inscriptions was already developed by Lesniewski, who also saw immediately the main difficulty of this conception and introduced the notion of equiformity As already explained, sentences are here regarded as material objects (inscriptions). (...) It is not always possible to form the implication of two sentences (they may occur in widely separated places). In order to simplify matters we have (...) committed an error; this consists in identifying equiform sentences (as S. Lesniewski calls them). This error can be removed by interpreting

41. AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY - June/July 2001 Two Classical Surprises Concerning the Axiom of choice and the Continuum Hypothesis (Trichotomy is the proposition that of any two cardinals, a and b, http://www.maa.org/pubs/monthly_jj02_toc.html

JUNE-JULY 2002 The Theorem of Pappus: A Bridge between Algebra and Geometry by Elena Anne Marchisotto emarchisotto@csun.edu A theorem of the great mathematician, Pappus of Alexandria, makes a beautiful connection between algebra and geometry that we explore in this article. We start with a geometric structure and impose certain postulates and theorems to determine an algebraic structure of an abstract coordinate set. Then we prove that Pappus' theorem is sufficient for commutativity of multiplication there. It can also be proved that it is necessary. At the end of the article we examine a host of horizons opened by Pappus' theorem and provide a substantial resouce list for further exploration. A Curious Connection Between Fermat Numbers and Finite Groups by Carrie E. Finch and Lenny Jones cfinch@math.sc.edu lkjone@ship.edu The authors were investigating finite groups possessing a property related to certain subsets of the group, when suddenly the problem became entangled in number theory. The shocking conclusion is that the solution to a large part of the group theory problem is a direct consequence of the fact that the Fermat number 2 +1 is not prime.

42. Springer Online Reference Works a) the Axiom of choice and the generalized continuum hypothesis are has made it possible to state a proposition on the unsolvability in principal (in an http://eom.springer.de/A/a014310.htm

Encyclopaedia of Mathematics A Article referred from Article refers to Axiomatic set theory Set theory, which was formulated around , had to deal with several paradoxes from its very beginning. The discovery of the fundamental paradoxes of G. Cantor and B. Russell (cf. Antinomy ) gave rise to a widespread discussion and brought about a fundamental revision of the foundations of mathematical logic. The axiomatic direction of set theory may be regarded as an instrument for a more thorough study of the resulting situation. which play the part of common names for the sets in the language; 2) the predicate symbols (sign of incidence) and (sign of equality); 3) the description operator (equivalent), (implies), (or), (and), (not), (for all), (there exists); and 5) the parentheses ( and ). The expressions of a language are grouped into terms and formulas. The terms are the names of the sets, while the formulas express propositions. Terms and formulas are generated in accordance with the following rules. . If and are variables or terms, then

43. An Encoding Of Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory In Coq A noncomputational type-theoretical Axiom of choice is necessary to prove the Aczel s is that propositions are defined on the impredicative level Prop. http://coq.inria.fr/contribs/zermelo-fraenkel.html

An encoding of Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory in Coq The encoding of Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory is largely inspired by Peter Aczel's work dating back to the eighties. A type Ens is defined, which represents sets. Two predicates IN and EQ stand for membership and extensional equality between sets. The axioms of ZFC are then proved and thus appear as theorems in the development. A main motivation for this work is the comparison of the respective expressive power of Coq and ZFC. A non-computational type-theoretical axiom of choice is necessary to prove the replacement schemata and the set-theoretical AC. The main difference between this work and Peter Aczel's is that propositions are defined on the impredicative level Prop. Since the definition of Ens is, however, still unchanged, I also added most of Peter Aczel's definition. The main advantage of Aczel's approach is a more constructive vision of the existential quantifier (which gives the set-theoretical axiom of choice for free). Download (archive compatible with Coq V8.1)

44. Axiom Of Choice - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia As this could be done for any proposition, this completes the proof that the Axiom of choice implies the law of the excluded middle. Forms of the Axiom of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom_of_choice

var wgNotice = ""; var wgNoticeLocal = ""; var wgNoticeLang = "en"; var wgNoticeProject = "wikipedia"; Axiom of choice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search This article is about the mathematical concept. For the band named after it, see Axiom of Choice (band) In mathematics , the axiom of choice , or AC , is an axiom of set theory . Intuitively speaking, the axiom of choice says that given any collection of bins, each containing at least one object, exactly one object can be selected from each bin, even if there are infinitely many bins and there is no "rule" for which object to pick from each. The axiom of choice is not required if the number of bins is finite or if such a selection "rule" is available. It was formulated in 1904 by Ernst Zermelo While it was originally controversial, it is now used without reservation by most mathematicians. However, there are schools of mathematical thought, primarily within set theory, that either reject the axiom of choice or investigate consequences of axioms inconsistent with AC. Contents Statement Variants Usage Drawbacks ... edit Statement The axiom of choice states: Let X be a set of non-empty sets . Then we can choose a single member from each set in X A choice function is a function f on a collection X of sets such that for every set s in X f s ) is an element of s . With this concept, the axiom can be stated:

45. FP Lunch It is strange on the one hand the Axiom of choice is singled out as the I showed that while the proofrelevant Axiom of choice is provable in Type http://sneezy.cs.nott.ac.uk/fplunch/weblog/

FP Lunch abstracting the pain away Continuations and classical logic December 9th, 2007 by Hancock and T_A does the obvious things on conjunction, implication, and universal quantification. formulas of the form , where P is quantifier free. Such statements include the statement that a Turing machine defines a total function. Another example is the statement that a sequence of numbers increases infinitely often. Fortuitously, our seminar speaker later in the afternoon, Monika Seisenberger from Swansea, showed us some technology based on the A-translation, for extracting algorithms from classical proofs. Indeed, she showed us it working to give a tail-recursive version of the reverse function. This machinery works in the MINLOG system, developed by Schwichtenberg and others (like Monika) at Munich. Posted in Lunches Unification over a definitional context November 25th, 2007 by Conor Posted in Lunches What is the problem with the axiom of choice? November 2nd, 2007 by Thorsten I forgot to mention that my presentation was based on a discussion on the Epigram mailing list early this year, in particular in reply to an issue raised by Bas Spitters. Posted in Lunches Archimedes, Gentzen and lenses

46. School Of Mathematics The most interesting feature of set theory is the Axiom of choice one (The proposition that every injective function has a left inverse is much weaker. http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/official/Courses04-05/371.html

School of Mathematics Course 371 - Computability, logic, and set theory Lecturer: Requirements/prerequisites: None Duration: 21 weeks (54 lectures + tutorials) Number of lectures per week: Assessment: Regular homeworks and final exam End-of-year Examination: One 3-hour examination - end of year Description: Peano Arithmetic - axioms for N . Resolution principle for propositional logic. Complete axiom system for propositional logic. Predicate logic, models, and completeness. Axioms for equality. Turing machines and partial recursive functions. Peano arithmetic and Goedel numbering. Goedel's first incompleteness theorem. Goedel-Rosser theorem Hilbert-Bernays derivability conditions. Goedel's second incompleteness theorem. Further analysis of Goedel's second theorem. Goedel's First theorem and partial recursive functions. ZF set theory. Ordinals. Foundation axiom and its relative consistency. Cardinals, the Axiom of choice, and the General Continuum Hypothesis. The constructible universe. Relative consistency of V=L. V=L implies AC. V=L implies GCH. Additional notes. A considerable advance in nineteenth-century mathematics was the introduction of rigour to suspect areas of analysis. The notion of `real number,' for example, can now be defined in terms of Cauchy sequence or Dedekind cut. Both of these are generally acceptable reductions of the intuitive continuum of real numbers to sets of sets or sequences of rational numbers.

47. Untitled Page By the Axiom of choice, we can assume that P is wellordered. If n is not a point then let P be the first proposition in the well-ordering which is not http://www.ihmc.us/users/phayes/context/ContextMereology.html

Context Mereology Pat Hayes, IHMC May/June 2005 The purpose of this note is to show that under a small number of assumptions, it is possible to interpret truth in a context as a quantification over truth in a set of 'atomic' contexts, which are transparent to all the connectives. We also analyze the necessary assumptions, and suggest conditions under which they are intuitively reasonable. The primary sources of the relevant intuitions, and much of the formal technique, are mereology and earlier work on temporal truth; and the thinking herein all arises from looking at contexts as having parts, and allowing for the possibility that a sentence may be true in some parts of a context but not all of the parts. These matters have all been previously analyzed in considerable depth in the case where a context is a time-interval, and indeed one can follow the entire development with that intuition as a guide. However, the actual formal assumptions used amount to only six axioms, and so the results apply to any notion of context which satisfies these. Introduction This entire note is inspired by the context logic originally introduced by J. McCarthy and R. V. Guha, and subsequently developed by others. It is intended to address the issue discussed in [

48. Axiom - Wiktionary (philosophy) A selfevident and necessary truth; a proposition which it is The axioms of political economy cannot be considered absolute truths. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/axiom

var wgNotice = ""; var wgNoticeLocal = ""; var wgNoticeLang = "en"; var wgNoticeProject = "wiktionary"; axiom From Wiktionary Jump to: navigation search Contents English Pronunciation Etymology Noun ... edit English edit Pronunciation US IPA /ˈ¦ks.i.əm/ Audio (US) help file edit Etymology From Middle French axiome , from Greek axioma edit Noun Singular axiom Plural axioms axiom plural axioms philosophy A self-evident and necessary truth ; a proposition which it is necessary to take for granted; a proposition whose truth is so evident that no reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer. For example, "The whole is greater than a part." mathematics A theorem that cannot be proved and is therefore fundamental, necessary, and assumed . Axioms form the basis of a mathematical system An established principle in some art or science that is universally received. The axioms of political economy cannot be considered absolute truths. edit Usage notes The nonstandard plural form axiomata is very rare usage in English. edit Translations Croatian: aksiom (hr) m French: axiome m Greek: [a.ˈkÍ¡si.o̞.ma] (means "authority" too)

49. The Accursed Share: Sets & Numbers & Physics - Oh My! Anyways, what Badiou seems to mean by his proposition is that mathematics (specifically, ZermeloFraenkel set theory, with the Axiom of choice, http://accursedshare.blogspot.com/2006/02/sets-numbers-physics-oh-my.html

skip to main skip to sidebar the accursed share Sunday, February 26, 2006 Posted by Nick So to inaugurate this blog, I'd like to talk about a topic that has been holding my attention lately - namely, mathematics. I've been led to research it, in part, because I have always been interested in the precise certainty that math is capable of, and in part, because of the recently published translation of " Being and Event " by Alain Badiou. While this book has been out in France since 1988, it was only published now in English because of the rising popularity of Badiou. While I could (and will at some point) talk more about Badiou, what interests me here is one of his main theses within the work - that 'mathematics is ontology'. (Ontology, for those who haven't been reading their Heidegger, is the study of Being, of what is, of what it means to be. Certainly a weighty and abstract topic, but one that is arguably foundational for any other study.) Anyways, what Badiou seems to mean by his proposition is that mathematics (specifically, Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory , with the Axiom of Choice, or 'ZFC') is the best means to present how Being presents itself. It is important to note that math is

50. Equivalent To Axiom Of Choice? - Sci.math.research | Google Groups the Axiom of choice. To be sure, the Hausdorff maximal principle states that any totally It is undesirable to believe a proposition http://groups.google.ws/group/sci.math.research/msg/f512168fcd49bb31

Help Sign in sci.math.research Discussions ... Subscribe to this group This is a Usenet group - learn more Message from discussion Equivalent to Axiom of Choice? The group you are posting to is a Usenet group . Messages posted to this group will make your email address visible to anyone on the Internet. Your reply message has not been sent. Your post was successful Harald Hanche-Olsen View profile More options Nov 3, 9:35 pm Newsgroups: sci.math.research From: Date: Sun, 04 Nov 2007 09:35:04 +0100 Local: Sat, Nov 3 2007 9:35 pm Subject: Re: Equivalent to Axiom of Choice? Reply Reply to author Forward Print ... Find messages by this author > "Maximal" here refers to order-preserving inclusions. That would be the Hausdorff maximal principle, which is equivalent to the axiom of choice. To be sure, the Hausdorff maximal principle states that any totally ordered subset (chain) of a given partially ordered set (poset) is contained in a maximal chain. To deduce this from your version, restrict your attention to those members of the given poset that are comparable with every member of the given chain.

51. Axiom - Definition Of Axiom By The Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus And Encyclo ThesaurusLegend Synonyms related Words Antonyms 2. Axiom (logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to http://www.thefreedictionary.com/axiom

Domain='thefreedictionary.com' word='axiom' Printer Friendly 728,392,958 visitors served. TheFreeDictionary Google Word / Article Starts with Ends with Text subscription: Dictionary/ thesaurus Medical dictionary Legal dictionary Financial dictionary Acronyms Idioms Encyclopedia Wikipedia encyclopedia Hutchinson ... encyclopedia axiom Also found in: Medical Acronyms Encyclopedia Wikipedia ... Hutchinson 0.01 sec. ax·i·om k s m) n. A self-evident or universally recognized truth; a maxim: "It is an economic axiom as old as the hills that goods and services can be paid for only with goods and services" Albert Jay Nock. An established rule, principle, or law. A self-evident principle or one that is accepted as true without proof as the basis for argument; a postulate. [Middle English, from Old French axiome , from Latin axi ma , axi mat- , from Greek, from axios worthy ; see ag- in Indo-European roots.] axiom k s m) A principle that is accepted as true without proof. The statement "For every two points P and Q there is a unique line that contains both P and Q " is an axiom because no other information is given about points or lines, and therefore it cannot be proven. Also called